動(dòng)詞總結(jié)（十六篇）

【第1篇 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, could, will, would, may, must, should, shall。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）

特征

1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（modal verb）本身有詞義，表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)，但詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，一般只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所表示的情態(tài)有：命令、允諾、請(qǐng)求、拒絕、愿望、愿意、義務(wù)、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。

3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（ought除外）和助動(dòng)詞shall，will，should，would一樣，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式一般皆不帶。

形式變化

1）沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第三人稱單數(shù)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)也無(wú)變化。如：

i can we can

you can you can

he

they can

she can

it

2）有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式，有少數(shù)過(guò)去式和它的原形相同。

a）有過(guò)去式的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：

may -- would

can ―― could

may―― night

shall -- should

have to -- had to

b）過(guò)去式不變的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：

must - must （或had to）

ought to - ought to

need---need

dare - dare（亦可用dared）

3）大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面可用動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)形式，如：can（may，must）be doing，can（may，must） have done，can（may，must）be done等。

否定式

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞一樣，后面可直接跟否定詞not。現(xiàn)將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式及其否定式的簡(jiǎn)略式（簡(jiǎn)略式用于口語(yǔ)中）列舉如下：

shall not--shan‘t ［fb：nt］

will not---won’t ［weunt］

can not-can‘t ［kb：nt］

must not-mustn’t ［5mqsnt］

should not-- shouldn‘t

would not-- wouldn’t

could not-- couldn‘t

dare not- daren’t ［dzent］

need not-- needn‘t

在疑問(wèn)句中的用法

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在疑問(wèn)句中的用法和助動(dòng)詞相同。如：

may i ask you a question？ 我可以問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？

can you let me use your dictionary for a minute？ 你能把字典借我用一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>

would you like to visit the heavy machinery plant？ 你想?yún)⒂^重型機(jī)器廠嗎？

注意have to在疑問(wèn)句中的位置。如：

do you have to go out today？ 你今天一定得出去嗎？

does he have to finish the work tomorrow？ 他明天非做完這項(xiàng)工作不可嗎？

【第2篇 2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷年高考英語(yǔ)測(cè)試的重中之重，一般占1—2道題。命題思路有三：一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，考生能依據(jù)所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇;二是給出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇，需要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境判斷;三是沒(méi)有任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要借助于上下文語(yǔ)境，才能作出正確判斷。 考生應(yīng)熟知常用時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。高考題往往不會(huì)涉及單一的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而是更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和呼應(yīng)及與語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合使用。所以解題時(shí)一定要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，弄清時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系，可根據(jù)不同情況采取“找標(biāo)法”(尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞)、“呼應(yīng)法”(主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng))、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“語(yǔ)境法”等解題技巧。 一?識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞 如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),則往往可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)? [例]①more than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year. a. sent b. were sentc. had sentd. had been sent [解析] 此題有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞last year,提示我們應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí);句中的主語(yǔ)students是被送的對(duì)象,應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?答案為b? 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般都有其相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們熟記下列8種常用時(shí)態(tài)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)? (1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等? (2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/ne_t few months等? (3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等? (4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):then, at that time, at this time yesterday等? (5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一段時(shí)間, since + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間等? (6)過(guò)去完成時(shí):before, by the end of last month/years…等? (8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):the following month, the ne_t week等? [命題角度及對(duì)策]高考測(cè)試動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)須與句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一致時(shí),常在題干中加入具體情景,以測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力?敏銳捕捉時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,并結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境,選擇出正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),是解決此類問(wèn)題的良策? 二?主從時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng) 如果所給題干是主從復(fù)合句,可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出正確的時(shí)態(tài)? 命題角度及對(duì)策]近年來(lái)高考考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí),常放在真實(shí)的并且符合實(shí)際的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行考查?在根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時(shí),要把握好以下幾點(diǎn): (1)在時(shí)間?條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)? (2)正確認(rèn)定主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語(yǔ)境? (3)解答賓語(yǔ)從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài);主句動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))? 三?仔細(xì)體會(huì)語(yǔ)境 近年來(lái)高考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查的要求越來(lái)越高,大部分試題趨向情境化?實(shí)際化?因此,仔細(xì)體會(huì)所給語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)是考生需要重點(diǎn)解決的問(wèn)題? 例：—do you think we should accept that offer? —yes，we should，for we______ such bad luck up till now，and time______ out. a. have had;is running b. had;is running c. have;has been run d. have had;has been run 答案解析 a。由時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞up till now知道，動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);而根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知時(shí)間快要耗光了，所以第二空要用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。 —can you tell me the timetable of the__________school bus? —well, the bus__________here for the __________campus at 7:00 a.m.. a.will leave b.left c.is leaving d.leaves 答案解析 d?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)，“校班車的時(shí)間表”是規(guī)定好的事情，表示一般性動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 精選試題 模擬題及其答案 1. — what’s that terrible noise ? — the neighbors _____ for a party. a. have prepared b. are preparing c. prepare d. will prepare 2. now that she is out of a job, lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. a. had considered b. has been considering 3. the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _____ by 2023. 4. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly. a. is changing b. has changed c. will have changed d. will change 5. i _____ ping –pong quite well, but i haven’t had time to play since the new year. a. played b. will play c. have played d. play 6. visitors ______ not to touch the e_hibits. a. will request b. request c. are requesting d. are requested 7. john and i _____ friends for eight years. we first got to know each other at a christmas party. but we _____ each other a couple of times before that. a. had been; have seen b. have been; have seen c. had been; had seen d. have been; had seen 8. this is ted’s photo. we miss him a lot. he ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake. a. killed b. is killed c. was killed d. was killing 9. — how are the team playing ? — they are playing well, but one of them _____ hurt. a. got b. gets c. are d. were 10. — you haven’t said a word about my new coua, brenda. do you like it ? — i’m sorry, i _____ anything about it sooner. i certainly think it’s pretty on you. a. wasn’t saying b. don’t say c. won’t say d. didn’t say 11. i wonder why jenny ____ us recently. we should have heard from her by now. a. hasn’t written b. doesn’t write c. won’t write d. hadn’t written 12. my uncle ______ until he was forty –five. a. married b. didn’t marry c. was not marrying d. would marry — i will go to see you when you _____ the training course. a. will have finished b. will finish c. are finishing d. finish 14. — how long _____ at this job ? — since 1990 a. were you cmployed b. have you been employed c. had you been employed d. will you be employed 15. with the rapid growth of population, the city _____ in all directions in the past five years. a. spreads b. has spread c. spread d. had spread a. has been broken b. breaks c. broke d. was broken a. has grown b. is growing c. grew d. had grown 18. why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? it will _____ fresh for several days. a. be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. have stayed 19. — sorry, joe, i didn’t mean to — don’t call me “joe”. i’m mr parker to you, and _____ you forget it ! a. do b. didn’t c. did d. don’t 20. at this time tomorrow _____ over the atlantic. a. we’re going to fly b. we’ll be flying c. we’ll fly d. we’re to fly 21. the news came as no surprise to me. i _____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know 22. i thought jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. a. doesn’t mention b. hadn’t mentioned c. didn’t mention d. hasn’t mentioned 23. no one in the department but tom and i _____ that the director is going to resign. a. knows b. know c. have known d. am to know 24. although he has lived with us for years, he ______ us much impression. a. hadn’t left b. didn’t leave c. doesn’t leave d. hasn’t left 25. how can you possibly miss the news ? it _____ on tv all day long. a. has been b. bad been c. was d. will be 26. — sorry to have interrupted you. please go on. — where was i ? — you _____ you didn’t like your father’s job. a. had said b. said c. were saying d. had been saying 27. i arrived late; i _____ the road to be so iey. a. wouldn’t e_pect b. haven’t e_pected c. hadn’t e_pected d. wasn’t e_pecting 28. i ______ while reading the english te_tbook. luckily, my roommate woke me up in time ! a. had fallen asleep b. have fallen asleep c. fell asleep d. fall asleep 29. let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decisions. a. will never reach b. have never reached c. never reach d. never reached 30. my mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so i’m afraid i _____ half of it. a. was missing b. had missed c. will miss d. missed 答案與解析 1、b 根據(jù)題意先排除d 項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榛卮鸱揭f(shuō)明書現(xiàn)在的情況;a項(xiàng)have prepare說(shuō)明已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好，c項(xiàng)prepare是目前的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，b項(xiàng)瑞在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的示完性。因此b 項(xiàng)為答案。 2、b 句意：因?yàn)閘ucy失業(yè)了，所以她在考慮重返校園，但她現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)決定。根據(jù)題意說(shuō)話者在說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的情況，因此排除了a、c、d三項(xiàng)，b飛行員現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在的事，進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“考慮”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的“未完性”，所以是答案。 3、c 句意：北京市市長(zhǎng)說(shuō)所有北京奧林區(qū)克建筑將于2023年完成。此題考查英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)，很顯然本題應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此排除b、d根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by2023，應(yīng)選擇將來(lái)完成時(shí)，因此選c。 4、a 題干中主句為selecting a mobile phone …is no easy task,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示了一種“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(…is no easy task);后面的狀態(tài)從句(because…)中則說(shuō)明原因?yàn)椤凹夹g(shù)更新變化迅速”，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(technology)is changing(so rapidly).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在此表示了一種“持續(xù)變化”的狀態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了“變化、趨勢(shì)、發(fā)展和進(jìn)展” 5、d 題干后的分句(but…)為轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣，并在句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(i haven’t had time to play),表示自從new year以來(lái)一直沒(méi)有打過(guò)乒乓球，由此可以排除選項(xiàng)b(will play)、c(have played).由此推斷前一人句中所說(shuō)狀態(tài)為“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，則空中應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)這一時(shí)間概念。 6、d 句意為：參觀者被要求不觸摸展品。所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式。 7、d第一空為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(for eight years);第二空：在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見(jiàn)過(guò)，上是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，幫選d。 8、c 從上下文可知，ted已經(jīng)死了，屬于過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情， 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞kill來(lái)講，應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選c 9、a 由題中所設(shè)語(yǔ)境可知，一句隊(duì)員受傷應(yīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，故選a。 10、d從對(duì)話題干所設(shè)語(yǔ)境看，此處談?wù)摰氖沁^(guò)去所沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事(you haven’t said a word…)此對(duì)話中，brenda 為自己沒(méi)能對(duì)朋友所穿新衣早加贊賞向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢?sooner(=at an earlier time)作為附加狀語(yǔ)傳達(dá)了十分重要的時(shí)間信息。 此處仍應(yīng)使用表示過(guò)去行為的簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去時(shí)，與后面句子中的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(i certainly think…)形成對(duì)照。其余選項(xiàng)所給時(shí)態(tài)…h(huán)asn’t written us recently。 11、a 前句中recently與事句中動(dòng)詞民用的語(yǔ)氣為重要提示：we should have heard from her by now.=we haven,t heard from her by now此處討論最近該發(fā)生而沒(méi)發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：…h(huán)asn’t written us recently. 12、b marry是終止性動(dòng)詞，用在此not…until句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五歲才結(jié)婚?！? 13、d when從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式表將來(lái)時(shí)間。 14、b答語(yǔ)中的since1990是關(guān)鍵信息。 15、b 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past five years與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有關(guān)。 16、d圖書館的安靜被打破，故須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);情景中找不出與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，故a是錯(cuò)誤的。 17、c grow與as從句里的wait發(fā)生。 題干前半句為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，提供了極為重要的時(shí)間線索：all morning as she waited…，表示了過(guò)去的一段延續(xù)時(shí)間，本空之中動(dòng)詞所表示的行為(her nervousness “grow”)與此同時(shí)進(jìn)行。此處仍應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 本題中與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相關(guān)的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)(a. has grown b is growing)很容易排除;d項(xiàng)(had grown)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)用于表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間之前的行為，與語(yǔ)境不符，也可排除。 18、b stay這晨是系動(dòng)詞的用法，不用被動(dòng)形式。 根據(jù)本題設(shè)空之后所執(zhí)著續(xù)的形容詞fresh判斷，選項(xiàng)所給動(dòng)詞stay為系動(dòng)詞(=to continue or remain in a place ,position or condition——collins new english dictionary), 因此，很容易排除a項(xiàng)(系動(dòng)詞不可能使用權(quán)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài));從句意看，說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh(why don’t you…?)，然后闡明依據(jù)(the meat will…)，應(yīng)該是stay 的一般形式，而不會(huì)是進(jìn)行式(c 項(xiàng)be staying)或完成式(d項(xiàng)have stayed)。 19、d注意mr parker 這里針對(duì)的是“sorry , joe”這件事，而不是“ i didn’t mean to…”那件事。而前者正是“此時(shí)此刻”發(fā)生的，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：你應(yīng)稱呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了吧!題干選材為大小對(duì)話形式，語(yǔ)境完整，前者向 joe道歉，后者(joe本人)拒不接受道歉，認(rèn)為稱呼自己為joe是：“套近乎”。提醒并警千對(duì)方，語(yǔ)氣非常嚴(yán)厲。 20、b at this time tomorrow 指明的是將來(lái)的某一具體時(shí)間，故用來(lái)將進(jìn)行時(shí)。 21、a 在the news came 之前我就已經(jīng)知道，故用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 22、c but連接的并列句，時(shí)態(tài)與thought一致。 23、a句子的主語(yǔ)是no one,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù)。 24、d although從句中的has lived是非常重要的時(shí)間住處說(shuō)話的人的意思是：雖然他與我們一起生活多年(從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在)，但他沒(méi)有給我們留下多少印象。所以，這里使用c項(xiàng)是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹? 25、a根據(jù)can的形式(而不是could)可以判斷，這里并不是談?wù)摷兇獾倪^(guò)去或過(guò)去的過(guò)去，但顯然也不是將來(lái)時(shí)間。 26、c 語(yǔ)境中暗含著一個(gè)時(shí)間信息：當(dāng)我打斷你說(shuō)話的時(shí)候。 27、c arrive是關(guān)鍵信息：(我在出發(fā)之前)沒(méi)有預(yù)料到路會(huì)這么滑。這里談?wù)摰娘@然是過(guò)去(started)的過(guò)去(had e_pected). 28、c根據(jù)woke(wake 的過(guò)去式)可以判斷，這里談?wù)摰呐c“現(xiàn)在”無(wú)關(guān)，因此可以排除b和d兩項(xiàng)。i是在讀書期間睡著的(while reading),而不是在之前睡著的，所以a項(xiàng)也是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹? 29、a 句意：請(qǐng)不要偏離話題，不然的話，我們就不會(huì)取勝得決定。祈使句與and 或or 連用是常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)法，又如：turn left and you will find the bookstore.向左轉(zhuǎn)，你就會(huì)找到那個(gè)書店里。listen to me or you will never succeed.聽(tīng)我的話，否則，你不會(huì)成功的。同時(shí)在談到will do和be going to do 表示將來(lái)的區(qū)別時(shí)，will表意愿和既時(shí)的將來(lái)，而后者表示計(jì)劃的或有跡象的將來(lái)。例如： give him the big apple or he oil not allow us to go with him. —i was going to ,but my wife returned. 30、d 句意：(當(dāng)時(shí))我并沒(méi)有注意他說(shuō)的話，所以(現(xiàn)在)我覺(jué)得他講的話一半我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到。題干句中透圳出時(shí)間信息的三個(gè)地方：wasn’t ,was saying和i’m afraid是做出選擇的重要依據(jù)。

【第3篇 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞的變化

1）代詞及be動(dòng)詞

主格 i we you you she/he/it they

賓格 me us you you her/him/it them

代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) am are are are is are

be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were

2）名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys

規(guī)則2 以s, _, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fo_→fo_es church→churches

規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes

規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves

規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies

3）動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks

規(guī)則2 以s, _, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

4）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

5）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped

過(guò)去式的讀音

在清輔音后面（除外）讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped

在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched

在/t/，/d/后讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated

6）形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和級(jí)

比較級(jí)

規(guī)則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter

級(jí)

規(guī)則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicest

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est busy-busiest

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest

7）常見(jiàn)縮寫：

is='s i am=i'm are='re

is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

do not=don't

does not=doesn't

was='s

did not=didn't

can not=can't

have='ve

has='s

have not=haven't

has not=hasn't

will='ll

will not=won't

shall not=shan't

【第4篇 新概念英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用

1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（能夠），must（必須），may（可以）

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型

he can make the tea.

sally can air the room.

we can speak english.

★變疑問(wèn)句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首

can he make the tea?

can sally air the room?

can we speak english?

★變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not

he cannot make the tea.

sally cannot air the room.

we cannot speak english.

★肯定回答及否定回答

yes, he can. / no, he cannot.

yes, she can. / no, she cannot.

yes, we can. / no, we cannot.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：（必背）

what can you do?

注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒(méi)有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加s。

2）must/have to的區(qū)別

must 表示必須，是主觀上覺(jué)得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做

must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)

3）must, may, might表示猜測(cè)：

· must do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

· must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

· must have been doing 表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

· may/might do, may/might have done表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。

4）can't/couldn't 表示不可能

【第5篇 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用

1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（能夠），must（必須），may（可以）

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型

he can make the tea.

sally can air the room.

we can speak english.

★變疑問(wèn)句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首

can he make the tea?

can sally air the room?

can we speak english?

★變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not

he cannot make the tea.

sally cannot air the room.

we cannot speak english.

★肯定回答及否定回答

yes, he can. / no, he cannot.

yes, she can. / no, she cannot.

yes, we can. / no, we cannot.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：（必背）

what can you do?

注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒(méi)有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加s。

2）must/have to的區(qū)別

must 表示必須，是主觀上覺(jué)得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做

must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)

3）must, may, might表示猜測(cè)：

· must do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

· must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

· must have been doing 表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

· may/might do, may/might have done表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。

4）can't/couldn't 表示不可能

【第6篇 新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用

1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（能夠），must（必須），may（可以）

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型

he can make the tea.

sally can air the room.

we can speak english.

★變疑問(wèn)句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首

can he make the tea?

can sally air the room?

can we speak english?

★變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not

he cannot make the tea.

sally cannot air the room.

we cannot speak english.

★肯定回答及否定回答

yes, he can. / no, he cannot.

yes, she can. / no, she cannot.

yes, we can. / no, we cannot.

★特殊疑問(wèn)句：（必背）

what can you do?

注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒(méi)有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加s。

2）must/have to的區(qū)別

must 表示必須，是主觀上覺(jué)得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做

must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)

3）must, may, might表示猜測(cè)：

· must do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

· must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

· must have been doing 表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)

· may/might do, may/might have done表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。

4）can't/couldn't 表示不可能

【第7篇 中考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)

中考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)

need

(1)need 表示“需要，必須”，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。其否定形式為neednt，表示“沒(méi)有必要，不必”；對(duì)由need構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行回答時(shí)，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用 neednt。如

—need we do some cleaning now? 我們必須現(xiàn)在大掃除嗎？

—yes, you must. 是的'，你們必須(現(xiàn)在大掃除)。

—no, you neednt. 不，你們不必。

(2)need 還可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：

①need to do sth“需要做某事”。如：

i need to learn more. 我需要學(xué)習(xí)更多(的東西)。

②need doing “某物需要被做”。如：

my hair needs cutting. 我的頭發(fā)該理了。

③need +名詞或代詞。如：

all living things need water. 一切生物需要水。

【第8篇 六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：be動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞

1. be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）

主語(yǔ) be動(dòng)詞（原形） be動(dòng)詞（過(guò)去式）

i am was he/she/it is was

we/you/they are were

2.助動(dòng)詞（do/does/did）

問(wèn)句 答句

do+非第三人稱單數(shù)

＋動(dòng)詞原形…?

…do/don't

does+第三人稱單數(shù)

…does/doesn't

did+所有主格

…did/didn't

問(wèn)句 答句

what do you/they/we…

+動(dòng)詞原形？

i/they/we+動(dòng)詞原形…。

what does he/she/it…

he/she/it +(動(dòng)詞＋s)….

what did you/they/we/ he/she/it…

i/they/we/ he/she/it +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。

【第9篇 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：be動(dòng)詞的用法

be 動(dòng)詞的用法：

(1) am--was is --was are--were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，復(fù)數(shù)全用are。

(2) 肯定和否定句 i am (not) from london. he is(not) a teacher. she is(not) in the dining room. my hair is(not) long. her eyes are(not) small.

(3) 一般疑問(wèn)句 am i a chinese? yes, you are. no, you aren’t. are they american? yes, they are. no, they aren’t. is the cat fat? yes, it is. no, it isn’t.

there be 結(jié)構(gòu)

肯定句： there is a …

there are …

一般疑問(wèn)句:is there …? yes, there is./ no, there isn’t.

are there…? yes, there are. /no, there aren’t.

否定句： there isn’t …. there aren’t….

【第10篇 新概念英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞的變化

1）代詞及be動(dòng)詞

主格 i we you you she/he/it they

賓格 me us you you her/him/it them

代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) am are are are is are

be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were

2）名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys

規(guī)則2 以s, _, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fo_→fo_es church→churches

規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes

規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves

規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies

3）動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks

規(guī)則2 以s, _, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

4）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

5）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped

過(guò)去式的讀音

在清輔音后面（除外）讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped

在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched

在/t/，/d/后讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated

6）形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和級(jí)

比較級(jí)

規(guī)則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter

級(jí)

規(guī)則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicest

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est busy-busiest

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest

7）常見(jiàn)縮寫：

is='s i am=i'm are='re

is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

do not=don't

does not=doesn't

was='s

did not=didn't

can not=can't

have='ve

has='s

have not=haven't

has not=hasn't

will='ll

will not=won't

shall not=shan't

【第11篇 新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞的變化（二年級(jí)）

導(dǎo)語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法就是語(yǔ)言的規(guī)律。任何一種語(yǔ)言都有其內(nèi)在邏輯性（logic）和規(guī)律（discipline）。學(xué)習(xí)一些基本的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，對(duì)于快速掌握英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的規(guī)律，具有事半功倍的作用，尤其是對(duì)于一些為考試而編的語(yǔ)法題句的理解，很有作用。以下是整理的相關(guān)資料，希望對(duì)您有所幫助！

1）代詞及be動(dòng)詞

主格 i we you you she/he/it they

賓格 me us you you her/him/it them

代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) am are are are is are

be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were

2）名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys

規(guī)則2 以s, _, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fo_→fo_es church→churches

規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes

規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves

規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies

3）動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks

規(guī)則2 以s, _, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

4）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

5）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped

過(guò)去式的讀音

在清輔音后面（除外）讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped

在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched

在/t/，/d/后讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated

6）形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和級(jí)

比較級(jí)

規(guī)則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter

級(jí)

規(guī)則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicest

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est busy-busiest

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest

7）常見(jiàn)縮寫：

is='s i am=i'm are='re

is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

do not=don't

does not=doesn't

was='s

did not=didn't

can not=can't

have='ve

has='s

have not=haven't

has not=hasn't

will='ll

will not=won't

shall not=shan't

【第12篇 小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：be動(dòng)詞用法

be動(dòng)詞(am、is、are)+not、

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+ not、

助動(dòng)詞(do、does) + not

如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否定句：

1、看句中有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在be動(dòng)詞后+ not。

2、看句中有無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后+ not。

3、如上述二者都沒(méi)有，就應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞+ not。分四個(gè)步驟：

(1)肯定陳述句中本來(lái)是沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞的，要加上去，位置在主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)后，動(dòng)詞前。

(2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does，根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do，動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does，

(3)在助動(dòng)詞后加not。

(4)原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。

強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，有some的要考慮是否要用any。

【第13篇 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)

動(dòng)詞加小品構(gòu)成的起動(dòng)詞作用的短語(yǔ)叫短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(phrasal verb)。例如：

turn off the radio. 把收音機(jī)關(guān)上。(turn off是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成基本有下列幾種：

1) 動(dòng)詞+副詞，如：black out;

2) 動(dòng)詞+介詞，如：look into;

3) 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞(particle)。

【第14篇 2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)詞ing和過(guò)去分詞等幾種形式，這是歷年高考必考內(nèi)容，每年都會(huì)有1-2題涉及該部分要點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)集中在：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別;動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)的用法比較;現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法比較;特定句型中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法等。 高考考點(diǎn)透視 1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成和語(yǔ)法功能及用法對(duì)比。 2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式的用法和特點(diǎn)。 3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式。 4.不定式與動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞，分詞作狀語(yǔ)與獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對(duì)比。 5.不定式和動(dòng)名詞在及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別是考查的熱點(diǎn)。 6.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，不定式和分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。 7.不定式標(biāo)志to和介詞to的用法判斷等。 8.帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)別。 考點(diǎn)一、考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別 英語(yǔ)句子至少應(yīng)該包括主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)兩部分, 而多數(shù)情況下謂語(yǔ)都由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。如果對(duì)句子成分劃分不清，把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞混淆, 做題效果可想而知。要克服這一毛病，關(guān)鍵在于正確判斷、識(shí)別動(dòng)詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。如： 1. the children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage ne_t week. 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。主語(yǔ)是the children，謂語(yǔ)部分是will go on the stage，動(dòng)詞play顯然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。依據(jù)play與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)children之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系以及拉小提琴動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，可以判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾children，意為“正在那邊拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正確答案為playing。 考點(diǎn)二、考查作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析 作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同。 動(dòng)詞不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語(yǔ);現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞主要作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語(yǔ)，兩者不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,即它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，雖然它的邏輯主語(yǔ)也是句子的主語(yǔ)，但過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。請(qǐng)看下面例題： 1.____tired of tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, julia decided to do the job all by herself. a) to get b) to have got c) getting d) have got 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在句子中沒(méi)有連接詞的情況下, 逗號(hào)是無(wú)力連接兩個(gè)句子的。據(jù)此，首先可以確定 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)放在句首作狀語(yǔ)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)get tired of與其邏輯主語(yǔ)julia之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，沒(méi)有明顯的先后順序，可以斷定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作原因狀語(yǔ),即“由于厭倦了tom只說(shuō)不做的工作態(tài)度”，故正確答案為c。 考點(diǎn)三、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的分辨 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，但仍然有自己邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。歷年各種考試的重點(diǎn)在于正確分辨非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是什么，兩者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，特別是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候。我們知道，當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在句首作狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，那么，當(dāng)它的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，又會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么現(xiàn)象呢?請(qǐng)看下面例題： 1. the last bus (go)____, we had to walk home. 2. weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening. 這兩個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)都不是句子的主語(yǔ)，而是分別有它自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即“是 末班車開走了，而不是我們走了”,“是天氣允許,而不是飛船允許”，這種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)構(gòu)就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,正確答案分別為having gone和permitting。 請(qǐng)?jiān)倏聪旅胬}： 3. the work (finish) _____, they may go home. 4. the problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors. 同樣，這兩道題的結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間性，可以判斷正確答案分別為finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在進(jìn)行)。 考點(diǎn)四、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的把握 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，但它仍然具有動(dòng)詞的特征，即可以有自己的主語(yǔ)(邏輯主語(yǔ)),也可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式都是依據(jù)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式而變化的。一般情況下，如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生, 就用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一般式或進(jìn)行式(側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行);如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，就用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式(特別強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)在于正確把握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如： ____ that bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. a) heard b) having heard c) hear d) to hear 依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hear與其邏輯主語(yǔ)his friends之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，可以斷定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式來(lái)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”發(fā)生在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“來(lái)”之前，由此判斷應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(只用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)使用)，意為“聽(tīng)說(shuō)bob已得到提升，他的朋友都來(lái)向他表示祝賀”，故正確答案為b。 考點(diǎn)五、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)句式的轉(zhuǎn)變 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞)作主語(yǔ)主要考查其句式的轉(zhuǎn)變，習(xí)慣上通常把it作為形式主語(yǔ)放在句首，作題時(shí)要善于分辨這種形式上的轉(zhuǎn)變。請(qǐng)看下面例題： 1. it is an honour for me (be) _____ your english teacher. 2. it is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this. 根據(jù)對(duì)句式的分析，可以判斷出it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)由非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞)來(lái)充當(dāng)。依據(jù)表語(yǔ)的特性以及句式的特點(diǎn),我們可以斷定第1題應(yīng)該填動(dòng)詞不定式，即to be，第2題應(yīng)該填動(dòng)名詞，即waiting。 六、考查作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判斷 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)主要考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)的情況，這里關(guān)鍵要把握住非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)行為還是被動(dòng)行為,以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間性，即是正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作定語(yǔ)往往表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，如果動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，就用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且已經(jīng)完成; 用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如果是被動(dòng)行為，就用動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例如： 1. the boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother. 依據(jù)cry與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)the boy之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系和cry的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾boy，因而正確答案為crying。 精選試題 模擬題及其答案 1. everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______a good college. a. enter。mb. to enter c. entering。md. entered 2he ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus. a. to hope。mb. hope c. hoping。md. hoped 3.he spent every minute he could _____ spoken english. a. practise。mb. to practise c. practising。md. practised 4.before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral english. a. improve。mb. to improve c. improvingd. to improving 5. he knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work. a. doingb. to do c. being doingd. to be done 6. all her time _______ e_periments, she has no time for films. a. devoted to do b. devoted to doing c. devoting to doing d. is devoted to doing a. you fly b. your flight c. flight d. flying 8. not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well. a. to work, to do b. to working, to doing c. to work, to doing d. to working, to do a. to buy b. buying c. on buying d. in buying 10. “do you have anything more ______, sir?” “no. you can have a rest or do something else.” a. typing b. to be typed c. typed d. to type 11. i don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but i’m going to study in the u.s.a. this september. a. to be heard b. to be hearing c. to hear d. to have heard 12. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery. a. tiring; to admire b. being tired; admiring c. tired; to admire d. tired; admiring 13. don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth. a. run b. running c. being run d. to run 14. he looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. a. put b. to be put c. to put d. putting 15. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it. a. having stolen b. having been stolen c. stolen d. stealing 16. to answer correctly is more important than _____. a. that you finish quickly b. finishing quickly c. to finish quickly d. finish quickly 17. you will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go. a. to be advertised b. advertised c. advertise d. advertising 18. the monument was built in honor of the e_plorer who was believed _____ the river. a. to have discovered b. to have been discovered c. to discover d. having been discovered 19. —— have you considered _____ your job as a teacher? ——yes. i like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener. a. to change; to be b. to change; being c. changing; being d. changing; to be 20. mr. green is said _____ an e_periment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young. a. to do b. to have done c. to be doing d. to have been doing 21. seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction. a. prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. having prepared 22.(山西省晉中市2023學(xué)年度高三年級(jí)第一次調(diào)研考試題，35)i walked out of the cinema, a.determining b.decided c.to determine d.to decide 23.(山東省日照市2023年高三模擬考試，26)every time he had a chance，he would talk about the great difficulty he had in the new country. a.settled b.settling c.to settle d.settle 24. (山東省濟(jì)寧市2023—2023學(xué)年度高三第一階段質(zhì)量檢測(cè)，32)there was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise. a.following b.to follow c.followed d.followed by 25.(福建福州八中2023年元月高三調(diào)研考試試卷，30) in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2023 olympic games, the little girl lin miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world. a.dressed b.worn c.dressing d.wearing 26.(福建福州八中2023年元月高三調(diào)研考試試卷，34)the problems at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve. a.discussed b.to discuss c.to be discussed d.discussing 27.(唐山市2023-2023學(xué)年度高一第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)，20) when why he behaved that way at table，he made no reply. a.being asked b. asked c.asking d.to ask 28. (唐山市2023-2023學(xué)年度高一第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)，23) ，mom had a cup of coffee and a few minutes’ rest. a.with her housework done b.with her housework being done c.with her housework doing d.with her housework to do 29.(湖南省衡陽(yáng)市八中2023年上期高二第一次月考試卷，31)the manager introduced the rules that she would like to see _______ the ne_t year. a. establish b. establishing c. established d. to establish a. losing b. lost c. having lost d. having been lost 答案與解析解析 1. 解析其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是b此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(yǔ)(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語(yǔ)的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 2 解析此題的答案是 c不是a，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 3. 解析此題答案選 c，這與前面動(dòng)詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 he spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken english. 4. 解析此題答案選d，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。 5. 解析其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選a。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)： can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事 can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事 6. 解析此題答案為b?，F(xiàn)分析如下： (1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。 (2) 選a錯(cuò)誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。 (3) 選b正確：all her time devoted to doing e_periments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語(yǔ)。 (4) 選c錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)閍ll her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。 (5) 選d錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看 all her time is devoted to doing e_periments，此句并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句沒(méi)有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對(duì)，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選d，或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。 7. 解析答案為d。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了constantly這一副詞，這就說(shuō)明不能選b或c，因?yàn)閎、c均為名詞，不能受副詞 constantly 的修飾。a和d均是可能的，因?yàn)槠渲杏袆?dòng)詞 fly。但若選a，you fly 是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，與其后的謂語(yǔ) will be 相沖突，所以只能選d，即動(dòng)名詞flying在此用作主語(yǔ)。 8. 解析正確答案為b，因?yàn)?get used to與pay attention to 這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的to均為介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不能動(dòng)詞原形。類似地，以下各結(jié)構(gòu)中的 to 也是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞原形 9. 解析答案應(yīng)選c。其實(shí)，動(dòng)詞 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接動(dòng)名詞，因?yàn)閕nsist 通常用作不及物動(dòng)詞;若語(yǔ)義上需接賓語(yǔ)，要借助介詞 on或upon，即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth;但它有時(shí)的確也可用作及物動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)其賓語(yǔ)通常只能是 that 從句，而不能是普通的名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。 10. 解析答案是b。確實(shí)，在“have+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用作定語(yǔ)的不定式通常用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，如 i have some clothes to wash等，即盡管其中的 some clothes 與其后的不定式 to wash 具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但卻習(xí)慣上用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。但值得指出的是，這類句型的主語(yǔ)與其后的不定式具有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，如 i have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由該句主語(yǔ) i 來(lái)完成的。而上面一題的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 這一動(dòng)作不是由句子主語(yǔ) you來(lái)完成的，而是由說(shuō)話者“我”來(lái)完成的。 11. 解析happen to have done sth 為不定式的完成時(shí), 表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)于現(xiàn)在的影響. 答案d 12. 解析tired and out of breath為“形容詞和介詞短語(yǔ)”在句中作狀語(yǔ)。stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做另外一件事 答案c 13. 解析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),選項(xiàng)a、d表示將來(lái)可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;b表示賓語(yǔ)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,根據(jù)句意選b,表示水不停地流出。 答案b 14. 解析catch sb doing sth表示發(fā)覺(jué)或當(dāng)場(chǎng)捉住 sb在做一件事情。 答案d 15. 解析從動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間來(lái)看，應(yīng)是先偷鉆石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。 答案 a 16. 解析題意為“正確做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。兩個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在形式上應(yīng)保持一致。 答案c 17. 解析advertise意為“為……登廣告”。made in this factory作定語(yǔ)修飾product; advertised作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 答案b 18. 解析用不定式的完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在(定語(yǔ))從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。 答案 a 19. 解析consider 作“考慮”解時(shí)，后常接-ing形式(短語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ);作“認(rèn)為” 解時(shí)，后常接含有名詞、形容詞或to be的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案d 20. 解析由when young可知此處應(yīng)該用不定式的完成式，表示此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。 答案b 21. 解析由固定短語(yǔ)be (well) prepared for可知此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 答案c 22. 解析determining 與主語(yǔ)i 是主謂關(guān)系，逗號(hào)后面不是一個(gè)并列句，因此排除選項(xiàng)b。不定式一般表示將來(lái)，不符合題意。 答案 a 23. 解析have difficulty (in)doing sth為固定搭配，因此選b。 答案b 24. 解析根據(jù)常識(shí)，先看見(jiàn)閃電，后聽(tīng)見(jiàn)雷聲，因此要用過(guò)去分詞，由by引出賓語(yǔ)。 答案d 25. 解析dressed in+衣服，固定搭配，表示處于一種狀態(tài)。 答案 a 26. 解析the problems 與discuss之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);tomorrow這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)決定應(yīng)該是將來(lái)的事情，不定式可以表示將來(lái)，因此選c。 答案c 27. 解析句意：當(dāng)他被問(wèn)到在餐桌旁為什么那樣表現(xiàn)時(shí)，他沒(méi)有做出回答。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選過(guò)去分詞，此處為省略句，相當(dāng)于when he was asked......。 答案b 28. 解析housework和do是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞done表示被動(dòng)和完成，符合題意。意思是“做完家務(wù)后，媽媽喝了一杯咖啡，然后休息了一會(huì)兒。” 答案 a 29. 解析see sth done 固定搭配，establish與rules之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。句子的意思是：經(jīng)理介紹了一些她希望明年生效的規(guī)定。 答案c 30. 解析句意強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)沉思，而不知道下一步將要做什么事情。由主語(yǔ)he，我們可知應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除選項(xiàng)d;having lost表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，不和題意，排除c;過(guò)去分詞作形容詞，可以表示主語(yǔ)所處的一種狀態(tài)，符合題意。 答案b

【第15篇 初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

速記口訣

三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)，兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕;

設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定，不要假裝在選擇。

妙語(yǔ)詮釋三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)：hope，wish，want，agree，promise

兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕：demand，ask，refuse

設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定：manage，learn，decide

不要假裝在選擇：petend，choose

【第16篇 新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞的變化

1）代詞及be動(dòng)詞

主格 i we you you she/he/it they

賓格 me us you you her/him/it them

代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) am are are are is are

be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were

2）名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys

規(guī)則2 以s, _, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fo_→fo_es church→churches

規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes

規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves

規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies

3）動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks

規(guī)則2 以s, _, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

4）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

5）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped

過(guò)去式的讀音

在清輔音后面（除外）讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped

在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched

在/t/，/d/后讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated

6）形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和級(jí)

比較級(jí)

規(guī)則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter

級(jí)

規(guī)則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicest

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est busy-busiest

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest

7）常見(jiàn)縮寫：

is='s i am=i'm are='re

is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

do not=don't

does not=doesn't

was='s

did not=didn't

can not=can't

have='ve

has='s

have not=haven't

has not=hasn't

will='ll

will not=won't

shall not=shan't