英文導(dǎo)游詞

英文導(dǎo)游詞 第1篇

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頤和園英文導(dǎo)游詞英文版【1】

situated in the western outskirts of haidian district， the summer palace is 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) from central beijing. having the largest royal park and being well preserved， it was designated， in 1960 by the state council， as a key cultural relics protection site of china. containing examples of the ancient arts， it also has graceful landscapes and magnificent constructions. the summer palace is the archetypal chinese garden， and is ranked amongst the most noted and classical gardens of the world. in 1998， it was listed as one of the world heritage sites by unesco.

constructed in the jin dynasty (1115-1234)， during the succeeding reign of feudal emperors; it was extended continuously. by the time of the qing dynasty (1644-1911)， it had become a luxurious royal garden providing royal families with rest and entertainment. originally called qingyi garden (garden of clear ripples)， it was know as one of the famous three hills and five gardens (longevity hill， jade spring mountain， and fragrant hill; garden of clear ripples， garden of everlasting spring， garden of perfection and brightness， garden of tranquility and brightness， and garden of tranquility and pleasure). like most of the gardens of beijing， it could not elude the rampages of the anglo-french allied force and was destroyed by fire. in 1888， empress dowager cixi embezzled navy funds to reconstruct it for her own benefit， changing its name to summer palace (yiheyuan). she spent most of her later years there， dealing with state affairs and entertaining. in 1900， it suffered again， being ransacked by the eight-power allied force. after the success of the 1911 revolution， it was opened to the public.

composed mainly of longevity hill and kunming lake， the summer palace occupies an area of 294 hectares (726.5 acres)， three quarters of which is water. guided by nature， artists designed the gardens exquisitely so that visitors would see marvelous views and be amazed by perfect examples of refined craftwork using the finest materials.

centered on the tower of buddhist incense (foxiangge) the summer palace consists of over 3，000 structures including pavilions， towers， bridges， and corridors. the summer palace can be divided into four parts: the court area， front-hill area， front-lake area， and rear-hill and back-lake area.

front-hill area: this area is the most magnificent area in the summer palace with the most constructions. its layout is quite distinctive because of the central axis from the yard of kunming lake to the hilltop， on which important buildings are positioned including gate of dispelling clouds， hall of dispelling clouds， hall of moral glory， tower of buddhist incense， the hall of the sea of wisdom， etc.

rear-hill and back-lake area: although the constructions are fewer here， it has a unique landscape， with dense green trees， and winding paths. visitors can feel a rare tranquility， and elegance. this area includes scenic spots such as garden of harmonious interest and suzhou market street.

court area: this is where empress dowager cixi and emperor guangxu met officials， conducted state affairs and rested. entering the east palace gate， visitors may see the main palace buildings: the hall of benevolence and longevity served as the office of the emperor， the hall of jade ripples where guangxu lived， the hall of joyful longevity， cixis residence， the hall of virtue and harmony where cixi was entertained.

front lake area: covering a larger part of the summer palace， opens up the vista of the lake. a breeze fluttering， waves gleam and willows kiss the ripples of the vast water. in this comfortable area there are the eastern and western banks， the seventeen-arch bridge， nanhu island， and so on. on the western bank float six distinct bridges amongst which the jade-belt bridge is the most beautiful.

頤和園英文導(dǎo)游詞英文版【2】

good morning ladies and gentlemen:

my name is xx. im very honored to be youre guide. i do hope all of you could like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. this morning we are going to visit the summer palace. the summer palace is located on the northwest suburbs of beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of the city. so it will take us about 1 hour to get there. before we arrived at the summer palace, i would like to introduce you a brief introduction of the woderful imperial garden. the summer palace is the most beautiful and the largest imperial garden existing in chinan, and it is the best-preserved imperial garden in the world. in 1998, it was placed on the list of world cultural heritage by the unesco.

the summer palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of 12th century in the jin dynasty. the construction continued to the yuan and ming dynasties. in the qing dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached its culmination. during emperor qianlongs reign, the famous three hills and five gardens were built on the northwest suburbs of beijing. the summer palace was a part of it and at that time was called the garden of clear ripples. in 1860, the anglo-french allied forces invaded beijing. the three hills and five gardens were burnt down to ashes.

in 1888, the empress dowager cixi spent the navy fund having the garden of clear ripples rebuilt. and then she renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony (summer palace).

in 1900, the allied forces of eight powers invaded beijing. the summer palace was once again severely damaged. it was rebuilt again in 1902.

in 1924, the last emperor puyi was driven out of the palace, after that, the summer palace was turned into a public park.

ladies and gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway. it is called emptiness and the collection of excellence, and it is the first scenery of the summer palace. the two chinese words on the front side of the archway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. the two words on the back side mean collection of excellence and refer to the tranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the east palace gate)

now, we have arrived at the east palace gate. its the main entrance of the summer palace. on top of the gate there is a plaque with three chinese characters the summer palace in emperor guangxus handwriting. the gate that we are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the old days.

(inside the east palace gate)

now we are inside the summer palace. in front of us is the second gate of the summer palace the gate of benevolence and longevity. the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the privy council. well, before we start our tour in the garden, i will briefly introduce you the layout of the summer palace and our tour route. o.k., ladies and gentlemen, may i have your attention please? lets look at the map together, from it we can see the summer palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies the three-fourths. the whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was for political activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and end off the marble boat. on the way, we will visit the main constructions of the summer palace, such as the hall of jade ripples, the hall of happiness and longevity, the long corridor, the hall of dispelling clouds and so on. it will take us about two hours to visit the summer palace. please attention, we wont walk back and our driver will pick us up at the north gate. should you get lost or separated from the group, please meet us at the north gate.

ok, everyone, lets start our tour from the emperors office --- the hall of benevolence and longevity. follow me please.

(inside the courtyard of the benevolence and longevity)

passing through the gate of benevolence and longevity, we have already entered the courtyard of the hall of benevolence and longevity. the huge rock in front of us is taihu rock. it was quarried from taihu lake in jiangsu province, so it was known as taihu rock. please look around the courtyard and you can see there are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard, representing the four seasons of the year. the taihu rocks are usually used as decoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak and penetration in characters.

the bronze mythical animal behind the taihu rock is known as suanni or some people call it qilin. according to ancient chinese mythology, the dragon had nine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. suanni was one of the nine sons of the dragon. it was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits in ancient lengeds. suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hooves of ox and the tail of lion.

(in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity)

this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was first built in 1750. the name of this hall taken from a book entitled lun yu by confucius doctrine means, those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life. this hall was the place where emperor guangxu and empress dowager cixi held audience and handled state affairs when they were in the summer palace. for protecting the historical cultural relic, we couldnt enter the hall. so i would like to briefly introduce you the decorations in the hall of benevolence and longevity. the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. in the middle of the hall stands an emperors throne carved with nine dragons on design. there are two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacock feathers. behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame and glass mirror inlaid. on the mirror there are 226 chinese characters of the word longevity written in different styles. there are two scrolls on each side of the wall with a big chinese character longevity written on it. it was said that the word longevity written by empress dowager cixi. there are 100 bats painted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of a dragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. they were used to burn incense sticks to create the appropriate atmosphere. in the old days, the dragon and phoenix were the symbol of the emperor and empress. according to ritual, the dragons should be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front of the hall.however, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes are in the middle. this was a product of the end of qing dynasty when empress dowager cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(at the entrance of garden of virtuour harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with bejing opera performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smile. the grand theater building was known as the cradle of beijing opera was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. there are 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(in front of the grand theater building)

this is the grand theater building. of the three main theater buildings of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and largest one. the other two are changyin pavilion in the forbidden city and qingyin pavilion in the mountain resort in chengde. the grand theater building, a three-storied structure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. it is 21 meters high and 17 meters wide. performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. the top one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and the bottom stage was named longevity stage. each level has the entrance and the exit. there are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for celestial being to fly down from the sky and the devils to appear from the earth to set off a certain atmosphere on the stage. there is also a well and five ponds built under the stage for a good effect of water scenes. the stage is open to three sides.

well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the grand theater building, its the hall of pleasure smile. the empress dowager cixi used bo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the peking opera.

(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolence and longevity. it appears that theres nothing special ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake. this is an application of a specific style of chinese

gardening.

now, we are walking along the bank of the kunming lake. look over there, not far away in the lake there is an islet. its called the spring heralding islet. the pavilion on the islet is called the spring heralding pavilion. a number of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. in early spring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms, willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned. hence the name heralding sping pavilion.

(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the hall of jade ripples. the words jade ripples came from a verse gentle ripples gushing out of jade spring, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs. in the late qing dynasty, it was where emperor guangxu was put under house arrest.

this hall is a hallmark of the movement of 1898. emperor guangxu was emperor dowager cixis nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, emperor dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her hold on imperial power. she handled state affairs behind the screen. after emperor guangxu managed state affairs personally at the age of 19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers. in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the core principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. it was called the hundred-day reform. after the reform failed, emperor guangxu was put under house arrest here. for the strict control of him, empress dowager cixi ordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and left of the hall of jade ripples. at that time the hall was entirely sealed up, just like a prison. today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room still maintain its original appearance. it is open to visitors as the relic related to the 1898 reform movement.

(in front of the chamber of collecting books)

this is the chamber of collecting books. in chinese, its called yi yun guang. yun was a kind of fragrant weed. in ancient times, it was usually used as termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.in the emperor qianlongs reign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. later it was converted into a residence. there used to be the residence of guangxus empress longyu, and his favorite concubine zhenfei.

(in the hall of happiness and longevity)

this group of courtyard is the hall of happiness and longevity. it was the major architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence of empress dowager cixi. the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting. with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient. in front of the hall of happiness and longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle of this courtyard named qing zhi xiu and nicknamed as family bankruptcy rock. this huge rock was discovered in fangshan district by a ming official mi wanzhong. he wanted to transport it to his own garden shaoyuan. in the old days, transporting such rock was very difficult. after spending all his money to ship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. the big rock was then left on the roadside somewhere near liangxiang county, 30 kilometers southwest of beijing. hence it was nicknamed family bancruptcy rock. later emperor qianlong discovered it and transported to the garden of clear ripples and laid in front of the hall of happiness and longevity. the colorful glass chandeliers hanging inside the hall was introduced from germany in 1903. it is one of the earliest electric lights in china.

(in front of the gate of inviting the moon of the long corridor)

ladies and gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in the world, such as the louvre in france and the museum of great britain. now i will show you a special gallery in the palacethe long corridor. in 1990, the long corridor was listed in the guinness book of world records as the longest painted corridor in the world. it would be a pity if we leave the summer palace without visiting the long corridor and the marble boat. now, here we go, the long corridor first!

(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor starts from the gate inviting the moon to the shizhang gate. it is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace. since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( retaining the goodness pavilion, living with the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion, clear and far pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of a year. thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

the long corridor is the longest covered veranda in any chinese garden. on the purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 suzhou style paintings. among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes of west lake in hangzhou, zhejiang province. beside the colorful paintings of natural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects, mythology and figures. the paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancient chinese classical literature, such as pilgrimage to the west, the romance of the three kingdoms, the western chamber, water margin, and the dream of the red mansion.

(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds. the central axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the sea of wisdom on top of the hill. the main architectural structures here are the gate of dispelling clouds, hall of dispelling clouds, tower of buddhist incense and the sea of wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structures are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace. this is a good place to taking photos, we will stay here for about 15 minutes.

now we are walking continuely along the long corridor, the next scene we are going to visit is marble boat.

look over there! halfway up the slope there stands the hall of listening to orioles. it was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and court music. it is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. before the garden of virtuous harmony was built, empress dowager cixi enjoyed opera and music here. now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts.

英文導(dǎo)游詞 第2篇

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1) the minister of rites would receive the edict in taihedian (hall of supreme harmony), where the emperor was holding his court. the minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan (tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via taihemen (gate of supreme harmony)

2) the minister would put the tray in a miniature longting (dragon pavilion). beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via wumen (meridian gate), to tian＇anmen gate tower. 3) a courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. the civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) the courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. the document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the ministry of rites.

5) the edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country. such a process was historically recorded as imperial edict issued by golden phoenix. during the ming and qing dynasties tian＇anmen was the most important passage. it was this gate that the emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

英文導(dǎo)游詞 第3篇

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故宮導(dǎo)游詞一

lying at the center of beijing， the forbidden city， called gu gong， in chinese， was the imperial palace during the ming and qing dynasties. now known as the palace museum， it is to the north of tiananmen square. rectangular in shape， it is the world‘s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9，999 buildings. the wall has a gate on each side. opposite the tiananmen gate， to the north is the gate of devine might (shenwumen)， which faces jingshan park. the distance between these two gates is 960 meters， while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. there are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. these afford views over both the palace and the city outside. the forbidden city is divided into two parts. the southern section， or the outer court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. the northern section， or the inner court was where he lived with his royal family. until 1924 when the last emperor of china was driven from the inner court， fourteen emperors of the ming dynasty and ten emperors of the qing dynasty had reigned here. having been the imperial palace for some five centuries， it houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. listed by unesco as a world cultural heritage site in 1987， the palace museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.

construction of the palace complex began in 1407， the 5th year of the yongle reign of the third emperor of the ming dynasty. it was completed fourteen years later in 1420. it was said that a million workers including one hundred thousand artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor. stone needed was quarried from fangshan， a suburb of beijing. it was said a well was dug every fifty meters along the road in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city. huge amounts of timber and other materials were freighted from faraway provinces. ancient chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building the forbidden city. take the grand red city wall for example. it has an 8.6 meters wide base reducing to 6.66 meters wide at the top. the angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it. the bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites. these incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.

since yellow is the symbol of the royal family， it is the dominant color in the forbidden city. roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. however， there is one exception. wenyuange， the royal library， has a black roof. the reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire.

nowadays， the forbidden city， or the palace museum is open to tourists from home and abroad. splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders， the grand and deluxe halls， with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy "modern civilians".

故宮導(dǎo)游詞二

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne. in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

英文導(dǎo)游詞 第4篇

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麗江古城中英文導(dǎo)游詞范文1：云南麗江，一個歷史悠久，風(fēng)景如畫的小城，麗江古城的所在地。

我們乘車從機(jī)場來到了麗江新城，在一個旅館里住下了，那天，我們沒有去古城，只是站在窗邊遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地眺望著那一幢幢的小房子。它們在夜幕下顯得那么安靜，不發(fā)出一丁點的聲音;它們又是那么古樸，依稀看得見歷史的足跡;它們還那么迷人，白墻黑瓦的古老小屋，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去，在高樓大廈之間顯得那么得低矮，從窗戶的玻璃后透出了油燈若明若暗的亮光，沒過多少時間，燈漸漸熄了。

第二天，當(dāng)東方露出了魚肚白，晨曦的微光照耀著還沒被喚醒的麗江古城，被稀薄的淡霧籠罩著的一切還是那么得寧靜，只是偶爾有幾陣微風(fēng)吹得青草“嘩嘩”響，吹得小溪“丁冬”地流，吹得樹葉“唰唰”地?fù)u。一會兒工夫，太陽躥上了高高的山頭，古城也熱鬧起來了，家家戶戶都打開了“吱吱嘎嘎”響的木門，游客們也涌進(jìn)了迷宮似的麗江古城。我也隨著人群，隨著一條潺潺流動的小溪，進(jìn)入了古城。

第一次進(jìn)入秀麗的的古城中，第一次親密接觸這古老的地方，我感到既新奇又興奮，也特別仔細(xì)地看了這兒的景色。在寬闊的大街上，鋪著光滑的石板，經(jīng)過了歷史的風(fēng)霜雨雪，經(jīng)過了許多人的踩踏，石頭的棱角已經(jīng)變得十分得光滑，踩在上面一不小心就要摔倒了。在石板路旁，有一條清澈的小溪流，流遍了整個古城，也是走出這個大“迷宮”的重要路標(biāo)。再說這一幢幢低矮而樸素的小房子，斑駁的墻上有各種各樣的印子，有深淺不一的磕痕，有交叉著的鞋印，也有方向不一的許多劃痕。屋頂上鋪著破舊的黑色瓦片，一下子就看得出那是很久以前的東西了。一切都散發(fā)著一股濃郁的歷史的香氣。

lijiang, yunnan, a long history, a picturesque town, the seat of the old town of lijiang.

we went to lijiang city bus from the airport, stay in a hotel, that day, we didn't go to the ancient city, only stood at the window looking out over the towering at a small house. they are under the night is so quiet, not the slightest sound. they are so simple, vaguely see the footprint of the history; they are so charming, white wall heiwa ancient house, from a distance, between the high-rise buildings seem so low, almost imperceptible fineness from the glass of the window after give the lamp light, not too much time, gradually the light went out.

the next day, when the east out of, the sky was a fish-belly grey on has not been the half-light of the morning wake up the old town of lijiang, all covered with thin thin fog still so quiet, only occasionally a few array breeze blown grass "abundance" ring, "ding ding" blown stream flow, blowing leaves "shua shua" shake. in a few minutes, the sun shot on the high mountain, the ancient city is lively, every family opened the "noise" of wooden door, the tourists also poured into the maze of lijiang. i also, along with the crowd as a flowing brook, entered the city.

for the first time into the beautiful ancient city, the first intimate contact this old place, i felt the excitement of novelty, special also carefully watch the scenery here. in the broad streets, with smooth slate, after a history of weathered rain and snow, after many people trample, stone has become ten piece of smooth edges and corners, trample on it will fall down carelessly. in the stone road, a small stream, with a clear stream all over the ancient city, is also out of this big "maze" an important signpost. besides this a low and simple little house, mottled walls there are a variety of impressions, a two-tone ke marks, have crossed shoes print, also have different direction of many scratches. covering the roof was shabby black tiles, suddenly see something that was a long time ago. everything is sending out a full-bodied aroma of history.

麗江古城中英文導(dǎo)游詞范文2：大家好!我是青旅社的鄒其芳，大家可以叫我小芳，但不是村里的那個小芳。歡迎各位來到號稱世界遺產(chǎn)的“麗江古城”。

親愛的游客們，我們已經(jīng)到了美麗的古城了，在古城前面，大家會看見兩架大風(fēng)車在水里歡快地轉(zhuǎn)動，里面的水珠也會測出來，所以，請大家小心。這兩架風(fēng)車代表著古城的標(biāo)志。下面，我來介紹一下麗江古城：麗江古城海拔2400米，是麗江納西民族自治縣的中心城市，古城形成于南宋后期，已有八百多年的歷史，面積3.8平方公里，常住人口約3萬人，1997年被列入為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

古城的中心是四方街，地面上是五彩石鋪成的，踏上去就會發(fā)出清脆的響聲，四方街上沒有哪兩座客棧里央的設(shè)計是一樣的，大家也可以進(jìn)去參觀一下。說了那么多，我還是帶大家去一條小溪吧，大家看!這條小溪就是放河燈。放河燈是一條種古老的習(xí)俗，據(jù)說每天晚上龍王會來巡游古城，放一盞河燈吧!不過，請大家不要亂扔垃圾。

游客們，麗江古城到處都有讓人流連忘返的美景，說也說不盡，希望大家下次再來。

everybody is good! i am a youth hostel robert zou, you can call me small fang, but not the small fang in the village. welcome to the world heritage of "lijiang ancient city".

dear visitors, we have been in the beautiful ancient city, in front of the ancient city, you will see two large wind turbines turn happily in the water, the water inside will be measured, so please be careful. the windmill represents the symbol of the ancient city of. here, let me introduce the lijiang ancient city, lijiang ancient city, 2400 meters above sea level, is the center of the lijiang naxi autonomous county, city, city formed in the late southern song dynasty, has a history of eight hundred years, the area of 3. 8 square kilometers, has about 30000 inhabitants, was listed as a world heritage site in 1997.

is the center of the city square street, the ground is paved with multicolored, step will be clicked, no two sifang street inn central design is the same, you can also visit. said so much, i still take you to a creek, everyone to see! this stream is put river lanterns. put river lamp is a kind of old custom, it is said that every night dragon king to tour city, put a river light! however, please do not litter.

the tourists, lijiang ancient city is filled with the beauty of the people linger, said also said not, i hope you come again next time.

麗江古城中英文導(dǎo)游詞范文3：大家好!我是你們游覽麗江古城的導(dǎo)游。我很高興能與大家共渡這快樂時光!我姓張。大家可以叫我張導(dǎo)游。

請大家跟我來。這里是麗江古城。我先給大家簡單介紹一下麗江古城。麗江古城又名大研鎮(zhèn)，坐落在麗江壩中部，稱為“保存最為完好的四大古城”之一。它是中國歷史文化名城中唯一沒有城墻的古城。麗江古城地處云貴高原，海拔2400余米，全城面積達(dá)3.8平方公里，自古就是遠(yuǎn)近聞名的集市和重鎮(zhèn)。古城現(xiàn)有居民6200多戶，25000余人。其中，納西民族占總?cè)丝诮^大多數(shù)，有30%的居民仍在從事以銅銀器制作、皮毛皮革、紡織、釀造業(yè)為主的傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)和商業(yè)活動。

好了，現(xiàn)在大家跟我進(jìn)古城看看。

麗江古城是一座沒有城墻的古城，大研古城是一座具有濃烈人文氣息的小城。

麗江古城內(nèi)的街道依山傍水修建，鋪的大多都是紅色角礫巖，雨季不會泥濘、旱季也不會飛灰，石上花紋圖案自然雅致?？?，光滑潔凈的青石板路、完全手工建造的土木結(jié)構(gòu)的房屋、無處不在的小橋流水。

everybody is good! i am your tour of lijiang tour guide. i am very glad to be with you the happy time together! my name is zhang. you can call me a guide.

please come with me. here is the old town of lijiang. i'll give you a brief introduction of lijiang. lijiang also known as dayan town, is located in the middle of lijiang dam, known as "one of the most preserved ancient city of the big four". it is the only ancient city without walls in china's famous historical and cultural city. lijiang ancient city is located in the yunnan-guizhou plateau, 2400 meters above sea level, the area of the city 3. 8 square kilometers, the ancient times is known fairs and towns. the ancient city of existing residents 6200 households, 25000 people. among them, the naxi nationality for the vast majority of the population, 30% of the residents are still engaged in produced with copper, silver, fur, leather, textiles, brewing traditional handicraft industry and business activities.

ok, now you give me into the city to see.

英文導(dǎo)游詞 第5篇

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“跨文化交際是指不同文化背景的人們（信息發(fā)出者和信息接受者）之間的交際;從心理學(xué)的角度講，信息的編、譯碼是由來自不同文化背景的人所進(jìn)行的交際就是跨文化交際”。翻譯已不再僅僅被看作是語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換，而是一種文化轉(zhuǎn)化的模式。隨著旅游業(yè)國際化進(jìn)程的不斷深入，跨文化交流日趨頻繁，文化沖突的可能性越來越大。因此，跨文化交際不僅對所有的譯者都非常重要，對導(dǎo)游詞的英譯尤為重要。換種角度說，景點導(dǎo)游詞（以下簡稱導(dǎo)游詞）的漢譯英，即一種典型的跨文化翻譯。麗江以其美麗的景色，獨特的文化資源吸引著全世界的人們前來旅游觀光。但麗江目前旅游文本英譯現(xiàn)狀卻令人堪憂。因此，對導(dǎo)游詞英譯的跨文化問題進(jìn)行研究不僅具有理論意義，更有現(xiàn)實意義。

一、導(dǎo)游詞翻譯的含義

“導(dǎo)游詞是導(dǎo)游人員在途中或景點等地向游客提供口頭講解服務(wù)所使用的，其主要功能是使游客更好地了解旅游地的自然風(fēng)光和民俗風(fēng)情?！薄皩?dǎo)游詞的創(chuàng)作和實地的口語導(dǎo)游的講解既是獨立分離的兩個階段，又是相互聯(lián)系的統(tǒng)一體，這一過程可以圖示如下：導(dǎo)游詞（書面語）――導(dǎo)游――導(dǎo)游詞（口語）――游客?！睂?dǎo)游詞的翻譯既可以是口譯，也可以是筆譯。這是由導(dǎo)游詞這種文本類型所決定的。

二、跨文化交際的主要障礙

跨文化導(dǎo)游詞翻譯經(jīng)常會發(fā)生故障。這不僅涉及老生常談的拼寫、語法、詞匯、濫用拼音等，而且涉及語用失誤和文化信息處理等方面的問題。

（一）景點名稱英譯不統(tǒng)一

旅游景點名的翻譯主要包括意譯、直譯、音譯、意譯加音譯、直譯加音譯及意譯加直譯等幾種。然而，何時采用什么譯法就需要譯者考慮跨文化因素。奈達(dá)曾說：“如果譯者不向假想讀者調(diào)整信息負(fù)荷，接受者就可能失去信息中的一些關(guān)鍵因素，或覺得譯文太難懂而停止閱讀?！丙惤包c名稱英譯存在一景多名的不統(tǒng)一。參看了麗江景點圖冊、旅游圖書及景點公示牌簡介，同一個景點名有各種版本譯名。“玉龍雪山”有yulong snow-capped mountain、yulong snow mountain和jade dragon snow mountain等幾種譯法，甚至在同一份旅游資料中，前后使用不同的表達(dá);“白沙壁畫”有的譯為baisha frescoes，也有baisha mural;“五鳳樓”有的譯為five-phoenix hall，有的譯為five-phoenix pavilion等。筆者跟隨幾個外團(tuán)收集資料，其間發(fā)現(xiàn)不同外導(dǎo)游對景點名的口譯也是五花八門。如此，容易使外國游客產(chǎn)生懷疑，翻譯顯得太隨意。

（二）中英導(dǎo)游詞表達(dá)習(xí)慣不一致

漢語屬于意合語言，英語為形合語言，這種差異造成漢語導(dǎo)游詞句型華麗、注重文采;而英語則注重表達(dá)的信息性，屬實性。英國翻譯理論家彼得?紐馬克將文本分為三大類：表達(dá)型文本、信息型文本和召喚型文本。導(dǎo)游詞具有旅游文本召喚、宣稱的特點，目的在于激發(fā)游客游覽的興趣，增強(qiáng)他們對異國文化的了解。例如，玉龍雪山銀裝素裹，十三座雪峰連綿不絕，宛若一條“巨龍”騰越飛舞，故稱為“玉龍”。此段落中文導(dǎo)游詞文辭華麗，詩意盎然，以達(dá)到詩情畫意的審美效果。而參看景區(qū)導(dǎo)游圖英文介紹為：yulong snow mountain is always covered with snow and an extensive chain of 13 snow peaks looks like a flying dragon，so called“jade dragon”.體現(xiàn)了英語注重的信息和事實性的特征。

（三）民族特色文化詞的不可譯性

語言既是文化載體，又是文化的一個重要組成部分。由于中、西方不同的歷史條件、地域環(huán)境、社會習(xí)俗、和價值觀念，致使?jié)h、英兩種語言出現(xiàn)了一些不對應(yīng)現(xiàn)象，主要表現(xiàn)在語義上無對應(yīng)和詞匯空缺。文化層面的不可譯性，顯然是我們交際的最大障礙。不可譯的結(jié)果往往使譯作令人不知所云或不忍卒讀，譯作的可讀性便成了緊要的問題?？缥幕Z境下的可讀性問題。紐馬克指出：在翻譯評論者的眼里，一般讀者所能接受的譯作，如果準(zhǔn)確度打了折扣，則是不可接受的。不可譯但強(qiáng)行譯之，語義或形式出現(xiàn)重大虧損，那么就會帶來交際障礙，不可譯的結(jié)果只能等于沒有譯，或幾乎沒有譯。由于譯入語不可避免地存在語言和文化的空白，定會產(chǎn)生不可譯的問題，主要表現(xiàn)在比喻、意象、修辭、雙關(guān)語等方面。

對于不可譯詞，目前主要傾向于兩種解決辦法：一是按照字面直譯，二是徹底刪除不譯。前者會因語義不明而導(dǎo)致譯猶未譯，后者看上去則有些不負(fù)責(zé)任。兩種方法都不太可取。例如，玉龍雪山在納西語中被稱為“歐魯”譯為“olu”，后加釋譯：silver rock;“吾魯游翠閣”譯為“wu-lu-you-cui-ge”，后加釋譯：the land of dying for love。它們是麗江地域中歷史文化的沉淀，是漢語中獨有的詞匯，蘊(yùn)含著深刻而獨特的歷史文化內(nèi)容，而在英語中卻找不到與之相對應(yīng)的詞匯。如果只采用簡單的音譯，不免丟失其深層的文化信息。

（四）民族中心主義與導(dǎo)游詞英譯

民族中心主義就是按照本族文化的觀念和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去解釋和評價另一種文化現(xiàn)象、事物和他人的行為。民族中心主義阻斷了文化間的有效互動與交流，導(dǎo)致文化上的自大和偏見，制約了人們理解其他文化的能力。若將導(dǎo)游詞翻譯過分帶入民族主義的思想，而不考慮譯文讀者的接受心理及能力，偏離異化策略的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。例如，如果將“三坊一照壁，四合五天井”簡單的譯為three zhaobi square，four five yard，那么，這樣的譯文只能自己津津樂道，達(dá)不到傳播民族文化的目的，造成交際的障礙。合理的譯文應(yīng)該為：three houses and one screen wall，or as four houses and five courtyards.又如，將“木府”譯為：mu’s mansion（the mansion of the magistrate mu），而非簡單的mu’s house，達(dá)到了交際效果。

（五）古詩詞及文言文的跨文化翻譯

中國文化源遠(yuǎn)流長、一脈相承。大多數(shù)旅游景點都留有古代名人優(yōu)美的詩詞歌賦佳作，增加了景點的文化內(nèi)涵，更體現(xiàn)了漢語文化的優(yōu)勢與博大精深。古詩詞及文言文具有文筆優(yōu)美，文化性、抒情性強(qiáng)的特點。根據(jù)現(xiàn)代翻譯學(xué)理論，導(dǎo)游詞文本具有“表情文本”（expressive text）的特色及功能。例如，麗江古城形成“家家溪水繞戶轉(zhuǎn)，戶戶垂楊賽江南”的獨特風(fēng)貌，被譽(yù)為“高原姑蘇”。譯文：the town is uniquely characterized as“rivers winding through every house and willows weeping before every family”，being called“gaoyuan gusu”.導(dǎo)游詞中出現(xiàn)古代詩詞歌賦和四字成語是越來越多，整齊、優(yōu)美、押韻的詩詞更能體現(xiàn)文化的精深和景點的秀美。若置中國古詩詞于不顧，可謂典型地缺乏跨文化意識，缺乏譯者責(zé)任感;反之，蹩腳譯文又會讓人哭笑不得。當(dāng)年徐霞客曾贊嘆木府“宮寶之麗，擬于王者”，吳的譯文為“the magnificence of the mansion can be compared to that of a prince’s residence”，譯文將原文的風(fēng)格與韻律原汁原味傳達(dá)出來，這不是件易事。

（六）文化信息處理

導(dǎo)游詞屬“信息文本”（informative text）。翻譯時“要重達(dá)，便是漏譯一兩句也無關(guān)宏旨?！绷硪环矫妫鶕?jù)從受話人著眼（hearer-oriented）的halliday的信息理論，信息單位分為已知信息（given information，即說話人認(rèn)為受話人已知的、也應(yīng)是受話人確實應(yīng)了解的）和新信息（new information），根據(jù)導(dǎo)游翻譯應(yīng)是“文化的使者”，以傳播中國文化為己任的原則，而了解中國文化也正是來華旅游者的重要目的或主要目的，譯者在處理導(dǎo)游詞時應(yīng)以旅游者為導(dǎo)向（tourist-oriented），盡量保存中國文化等信息。但在實際操作中，往往與上述原則不一致。例如，“黑龍?zhí)丁薄坝颀堁┥稀敝小?，龍”一詞均譯為dragon，中國文化中“龍”是民族傳說中的神物，是中華民族的圖騰和心中的圣物，然而在英語文化中dragon是一種恐怖的怪獸，被寓意為“怪物、魔鬼、兇殘”，是“罪惡”的象征。此時一定要介紹一下傳統(tǒng)文化的來由及歷史、神話傳說或典故，避免引起外國游客的理解錯誤。

三、導(dǎo)游詞英譯中消除跨文化障礙的主要措施

跨文化交際包括語言交際和非語言交際。語言像一面鏡子，反映著民族的全部文化，又像一個窗口揭示著該文化的一切內(nèi)容。每個民族都有自己的文化。這種文化是在特定自然環(huán)境、歷史條件、地理位置和社會現(xiàn)實中形成的，因此具有特殊性。要想達(dá)到兩種文化的溝通和理解，就必須理解本民族文化與其他民族文化的差異。

（一）具備跨文化意識，減少語用失誤

所謂文化意識，指的是對文化多元性的意識和對差異的寬容態(tài)度、對異文化成員的共情能力，以及對自身文化價值觀念及行為方式的覺察和反省。導(dǎo)游詞翻譯是傳播文化的重要渠道，世界各國之間的文化傳統(tǒng)、民俗風(fēng)情各不相同，旅游者的價值觀念、思維方式各不相同，跨文化性是導(dǎo)游詞翻譯的顯著特點。導(dǎo)游詞譯者除了具備隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的能力，特別要求譯者在翻譯的過程中要以跨文化意識為指導(dǎo)，為游客傳遞準(zhǔn)確的文化信息，盡量減少因文化差異而引起的語用失誤和誤解。因此，跨文化意識、跨文化思維及跨文化知識是導(dǎo)游詞譯者的必備素質(zhì)，跨文化意識的自覺培養(yǎng)有助于減少乃至消除交際中的語用失誤，從而促使跨文化交際的成功實現(xiàn)。

（二）深刻理解文化差異

對于本土人，納西文化幾乎耳熟能詳，因而在導(dǎo)游詞的原文中無須作詳細(xì)的描寫和詮釋。然而，對于外國游客，卻是前所未聞的文化知識。文化差異形成了固有的審美情趣和欣賞習(xí)慣，從而制約著他們對語言的直覺和對語言的表達(dá)方式。首先，譯文在譯入語語境中附有“意義”;另外，譯者應(yīng)選用注釋和增補(bǔ)甚至改寫的翻譯方法，填補(bǔ)由于跨文化差異所導(dǎo)致的文化空缺。

（三）掌握溝通的方法和技巧

不同文化背景的人，由于價值觀念、思維方式、情感和行為方式不同，往往會產(chǎn)生理解上的障礙。導(dǎo)游詞的英譯應(yīng)善于把握由于社會歷史差異和民族文化心理造成的距離，應(yīng)充分考慮譯文讀者的文化心理和審美情趣，迎合讀者審美訴求。

（四）適當(dāng)?shù)漠惢g策略

適當(dāng)?shù)漠惢呗?，能使譯文不僅具有異國情調(diào)，且聽起來就像是帶有口音的英語，值得欣賞，但過分加重口音，就會影響理解能力，甚至喪失興趣，導(dǎo)致翻譯失真問題出現(xiàn)。而簡單的歸化不僅刪除了特色內(nèi)容，甚至偏離、扭曲了原文要表達(dá)的含意。此時，跨文化交際的態(tài)度是至關(guān)重要的。

英文導(dǎo)游詞 第6篇

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today i am very pleased to show you three gorges of yangtze river.

atfirst i’ll have a brief introduction of yangtze river, the yangtzeriver, the biggest river in china, the third longest in the world,starts with the tuotuo river at the roof of the world -qinghai-tibetplateau, takes in countless rivers, and flows eastward across theinterior of china. with an overall length of more than 6,300kilometers, the yangtze river, next only to the amazon and the nile, isthe third biggest river in the world and is a cradle that breeds theancient civilization of the chinese nation.

when theyangtze river reaches the eastern sichuan basin in southwest china, itcuts through the wushan mountain. here the river course suddenlynarrows and the waters become turbulent. sheer cliffs and steepmountains rise on either side, creating one of nature's most fantasticsights. the three gorges---qutang, wuxia and xiling----start just afterfengjie and end near yichang, stretch about 200 kilometers. the gorgesvary from 300metres at their widest to less than 100 meters at theirnarrowest.

qutang gorge is the smallest and shortestgorge, but grandest of the three. the yangtze river, mighty and rapidhere is suddenly contained like "a thousand seas poured into one cup",as the song dynasty poet su tungpo described the spectacle. high on theboth bank, at a place called bellows gorge, are a series of crevices.this area is said to have been the home of an ancient tribe whosecustom was to place the coffins of their crevices, some containingbronze swords, armour and other artifacts, but the coffins are believedto date back as far as the warring states period (475bc----221bc)

wugorge extends 40 kilometers along which the river snakes between basedstrange-shaped mountain peaks, each of which has a reputation based ona beautiful legend. the story of the "12 peaks of wushan goes likethis: 12 nymphs once descended to enjoy themselves in the secularworld. finding how perilous wushan gorge was, they decided to staythere to protect ships. as time went by, they transformed themselvesinto 12 peaks. the goddess peak, the most graceful of the 12, is saidto have been yaoji, the youngest daughter of the queen mother of thewestern heaven .goddess peak stands out from the other peaks on thenorthern bank to be the first to greet the morning sun and the last tobid it farewell, hence its another name, viewing the glow peak. seen ata distance, it resembles the silhouette of a beautiful young lady.

downstream from the zigzagging wuxia gorge is xiling gorge which stretches78 kilometers eastward and the cliffs on either side rise to just over900 meters. xiling gorge is awesome with its dangerous rapids, shoals,reefs, sharp turns, billowy whirlpools. the water at one point is soturbulent that it seems to be boiling during the flood season. xilinggorge in the east consists of several small gorges. on the top ofanother is a rock that looks like a sword. on the crag of the northbank are two pieces of brown rock, which are named bull's liver andhorse' lung, whose shape they take. next does the lantern shadow gorge,which has four rocks, resemble monk xuan zang and his threedisciples---monkey, piggy and sandy in the classic chinese adventuresof the four on their way to india to obtain buddhist scriptures.

aroundthe last bend of xiling gorge stretches a vast plain. the riversuddenly becomes wide here. travelers on the yangtze cruise may alsovisit many sites of historical and scenic interest along the riverbanks including the ruined of baidi town and precious stone village.

英文導(dǎo)游詞 第7篇

閱讀提示：本篇共計830個字，預(yù)計看完需要3分鐘，共有235位用戶關(guān)注，40人點贊！

中文版

各位旅客：

大家好!我是你們今天美麗西湖之行的導(dǎo)游：方子方(寫自己的名字哦!)。讓我們隨著船徐徐開動，開始游覽美麗的西湖吧!

西湖位于：浙江省杭州市的西部。西湖水面面積為4.37平方公里，湖岸周長15公里，水平均深2.27米，最深處在5米左右。

首先，我們來到的是柳浪聞鶯，柳浪聞鶯是南山風(fēng)景線上離市區(qū)最近的一個公園，也是西湖舊十景之一。柳樹是公園主景。請看兩旁，這里匯集了500株春柳，這些垂柳，以景遇意，兩旁的柳樹，各種各樣，非常好看，公園南面桿彎枝斜的那種，在微風(fēng)吹拂下，左搖右擺的，就像是貴妃醉酒，稱為“醉柳”

現(xiàn)在，我們來到了傳說中白娘子與許仙相會的斷橋。斷橋，今位于白堤東端。在西湖古今諸多大小橋梁中，它名氣最大。大家往下看，下面就是波光粼粼的湖面，湖面被陽光照射著，像許多金子撒在湖面上，很漂亮!大家注意，不要亂丟垃圾，現(xiàn)在可以在這里拍照、休息。

好了，今天就游覽到這里，最后祝大家：旅途愉快，再見!

英文版

the famous west lake is like a brilliant pearl embedded in the beautiful and fertile shores of the east china sea near the mouth of the hangzhou bay. the lake covers an area of 5.6 square kilometers. the view of the west lake is simply enchanting, which offers many attractions for tourists at home and abroad.

tiger-running spring

the legend goes that two tights ran there and made a hole where a spring gushed out. the longjing tea and the tiger-running spring water are always reputed as the “two wonders of the west lake”。

the lingyin monastery

the lingyin monastery, or the monastery of soul”s retreat, is a famous historical site of the west lake. here exists the lingyin monastery, a famous ancient temple in china, in front of which there are feilai peak, cold spring, longhong cave and precious rock cave arts and queer and varied natural caves and gullies.

spring dawn at su causeway

it”s a 2.8 km. long boulevard cutting across the south-north scenic area, and lined with trees and flowering plants. when spring comes with crimson peach blossoms and green willows; the scenery is all the more charming. strolling along the boulevard, one feels as if the west lake were wakening in dawn mist. young willows were ethereal, spring breeze so caressing, and birds were chirping in unison.

英文導(dǎo)游詞 第8篇

閱讀提示：本篇共計995個字，預(yù)計看完需要3分鐘，共有280位用戶關(guān)注，42人點贊！

1：揚(yáng)州英文導(dǎo)游詞

visitors: when in a garden scenic spot planning, garden owners in accordance with the main route clockwise decorated the spring, summer, autumn and winter around fake rock scene, novel idea and fine timber, the entourage of harmony, tight structure. in landscape sequence with the theme of rockery, seasonal feature is writing proposition, hills is enlightenment, summerhill is a ministry, akiyama is high, the winter hill is an end, like the creation of music or writing articles, has a strict rhyme.

dear visitors: a garden rockery summed up the so-called "hills and like to laugh, talk and metallurgy summerhill, such as green, bright and clean, such as makeup, akiyama mountain winter bleak and such as sleep" and "hills should swim, summerhill appropriate, the appropriate akiyama, winter mountain livable" huali. park and "appropriate woo hin", "mountain building", "stroke yunting", "autumn pavilion", "air leakage through yue xuan" and other ancient buildings. four seasons rockery in the set off of these loutaitingge and fomous trees dotted with, more show of primitive simplicity and elegant, deep and japan. stone someone said that the four criteria: "wrinkled, thin, transparent, leak," seems to have conclusive, it's just a general stacked stone skills, like a garden this peak building stone, a four seasons rockery, garden week, seemed to swim in, a sign of designing different extremely common; more valuable, this spring, summer, autumn and winter are not isolated individuals separated, but unaware tiancheng. winter scene is give a person the sense with snow did not disappear chills. but by spring scenery of the west wall opened two circular tracery, see bamboo wall to zhizhi, and give people "winter do bursts hunlei" profound artistic conception, the whole garden is like a huge picture scroll of composing system, the harmony of the beauty of composition.

visitors: a garden of the main landscape has finished touring. in swimming alone yuanhou, perhaps you will send a heartfelt sigh: and i also yangzhou garden, is indeed a garden in the essence of the garden.

2：揚(yáng)州英文導(dǎo)游詞

a park is the oldest existing yangzhou, the best preserved salt merchants garden, yangzhou dongguan street, a famous ancient lane in the south, north to the east of yangzhou river sight belt yanfu, is in the twenty-third year of qing jiaqing (1818) and huaibei salt total yellow to the narration of the house. for yangzhou representative of the classical private garden in the ming and qing dynasties. published in 1998 by the state council as a "national key cultural relics protection unit", and the summer palace in beijing, chengde summer resort, and the humble administrator's garden and called china's four big gardens in suzhou.

英文導(dǎo)游詞 第9篇

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while in exile， the people of these distinct cultures together conceived a new and exciting musical art form， characterized by pride， passion， and defiant dignity. it incorporated acoustic-guitar playing， singing， chanting， dancing， and staccato hand-clapping. this bold， provocative，1 and unique style was named“flamenco”.

considerable debate surrounds the origins of the word“flamenco”。 some believe it simply means“flemish”。 others contend2 that it comes from the dutch word， vlaming， meaning "fiery“，”flaming“， or”brightly colored“。 others trace it back to the arabic felag mengu， which refers to all persecuted people who fled to the mountains to escape the inquisition.

the intensity of flamenco inspires a sense of magic， and evokes3 from its audience an intense reaction. the staccato of the dancer's heels against the floor， and the sharp bursts of clapping punctuate the singer’s haunting wail. the bright， swirling dresses add to the spectacle， and elicit4 cries of encouragement from the spectators. these elements， along with the musical virtuosity of the guitarists， combine to create a performance which， once seen， is never forgotten.——by randy peters

公元1492年，在國王費(fèi)迪南二世和王后伊莎貝拉一世的統(tǒng)治下，猶太人、吉普賽人和摩爾人被逐出西班牙，旅游英語《導(dǎo)游辭:舞動西班牙--弗拉門戈》。這些人跟當(dāng)?shù)氐陌策_(dá)盧西亞人一起，被迫在安達(dá)盧西亞山區(qū)避難。在那兒，他們才能躲過威脅他們生命的宗教審判。

流亡期間，這群有著不同文化背景的人共同構(gòu)思出一種嶄新并能鼓舞人心的音樂藝術(shù)形式，它以自豪、熱情和高傲的尊嚴(yán)為特征。結(jié)合古典吉他的彈奏、歌唱、吟誦、舞蹈和斷續(xù)的擊掌。這種大膽、煽情、獨一無二的風(fēng)格便稱作“弗拉門戈”。

英文導(dǎo)游詞 第10篇

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located at the center of the mainlands coastline, shanghai has long been a major hub of communications, transportation, and international exchange. the municipality covers an area of 6,341 square kilometers and has a population of more than 13.5 million. shanghai is chinas largest economic comprehensive industrial base, and a famous historical and cultural city.

the city consistently attracts investment and is seen as an ideal venue for business gatherings. it is also a must on any agenda during a tour of china. shanghai has fostered a comprehensive transportation network that incorporates land, sea, and air travel, as well as a convenient urban transportation system. more than 300 airlines serve the city, proving direct flights to more than 20 countries and regions. the addition of the shanghai pudong international airport, which went into operation in 1999, is expected to increase the annual passenger volume to some 20 million.

special tourist trains running between shanghai and the neighboring provinces of jiangsu and zhejiang, as well as tourist bus routes along newly-constructed expressways, offer great convenience for regional travel. shanghai has more than 400 travel agencies to assist visitors, and the 127 star-rated hotels offer a total of 40, 000 guest rooms.

visitors to shanghai are not only dazzled by the modern metropolis and gateway to a developing china, but are also able to immerse themselves in the unique shanghai culture, a combination of chinese and western elements. colorful festivals and celebrations dot the yearly shanghai activities calendar, such as the shanghai nanhui peach blossoms festival, shanghai international tea culture festival and shanghai china international art festival.

shanghai has also introduced special tour packages aimed at the different interests of visitors, such as bicycling tours, hiking tours, gourmet tours, rehabilitation and health care tours, study tours, japanese young womens tours, honey moon tours, and convention and exhibition tours.

the well-known bund is a must for visitors to shanghai. fifty-two buildings lining the narrow shoreline of the huangpu river offer a living exhibition of gothic, baroque, roman, classic revival and renaissance architectural styles, as well as combinations of chinese and western styles. they are also a condensation of the recent history of the city. the wide embankment offers ample room for strolling and is used by locals for morning exercises and evening gatherings. in the evening, colorful lights illuminate the area and create a shimmering image deserving of the name pearl of the orient.

the yu gardens are a classical landscape in the southern chinese style with a history of more than 400 years. pavilions, halls, rockeries and ponds display the finest in landscaping from the southern style as seen in the ming and qing dynasties. more than 40 landscapes were ingeniously separated by latticed walls, winding corridors, and lattice windows.

peoples square has become the political and cultural center in shanghai since 1994, when it was rebuilt. in and around the square are a massive fountain named the light of huangpu river, 10,000 square meters of lawns, six groups of relief carvings that depict the history of shanghai, the new shanghai museum, the offices of the municipal government, an underground shopping plaza, the shanghai grand theater and the shanghai exhibition center

the orient pearl tv tower

the orient pearl tv tower is 468 meters high, the tallest in asia and third tallest in the world. it faces the bund across the huangpu river. when viewed from the bund, the tower and the nanpu and yangpu bridges create a vivid imagery known as two dragons playing with a pearl. the sphere at the top has a diameter of 45 meters and is 263 meters above ground. the observation deck in the sphere offers a sweeping view of the city. the revolving restaurant is set at 267 meters above pudong new area. the dance ball, piano bar and 20 karaoke rooms, at 271 meters, are also opened to the public. the penthouse, which sits at 350 meters, has an observation deck, meeting room, and coffee shop. the tower integrates broadcasting technologies with sightseeing, catering, shopping, amusement, and accommodations. it has become the symbol of the city and a major tourist attraction in shanghai.

cruise on the huangpu river

cruising on the huangpu river, visitors can gaze at the mighty skyscrapers, the monument tower to the peoples heroes, the famous waibaidu bridge and huangpu park on one bank, and the orient pearl tv tower, international convertion center, jin mao building and the newly rising pudong new area on the other. the yangpu and nanpu bridges span the river. from the river, visitors can also view the ruins of ancient cannon emplacements and fortifications at wusong and the magnificent view of the yangtze river as it empties into the sea.

nanjing road east, honored as chinas no. l street, has become an all-weather pedestrian arcade. shops and restaurants provide products and services with their own characteristics, making it an ideal place that integrates shopping, restaurants, amusement and sightseeing.

the museum and tomb are located in lu xun park. lu xun was an imminent man of letters. the museum exhibits lu xuns manuscripts, some of his personal effects, document., and photos. the headstone at the tomb of lu xun is in the calligraphy of vhio zedong and reads the tomb of mr. lu xun.

dr. suns residence

dr. sun yat-sen, the forerunner of the chinese democratic revolution, and his wilr soong ching ling, lived in this building from 1918 to 1924. it was in the residence that dr. sun yat-sen met representatives of the communist party and fostered the first cooperation between the chinese communist party and the kuomintang.

soong ching lings residence

this is the former residence of soong ching ling. an honorary chairwoman of the peoples republic of china and the widow of sun yat-sen. she lived, worked, and studied here during the last years of her life.

birthplace of the communist party of china.

in july of 1921, the first national communist party congress was held in this building. the congress passed the partys program and resolutions, elected the central committee, and declared the founding of the cpc.

shanghai library

the new shanghai library, which covers an area of some 80,000 square meters, has a collection of 13 million books and is considered one of the top ten libraries in the world. the library incorporates the open-stacks approach favored in the west, which allows for convenience in borrowing books.

shanghai grand theater