- 目錄
第1篇 莫迪清華大學(xué)英文演講稿
i particularly like the old chinese saying--if you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if you think in terms of ten years, plant trees; if you think in terms of 100 years, teach the people.
in india, too, the ancient saying is vyaye krate vardhate eva nityam, vidhya dhanam sarva dhan pradhanam.
the wealth that increases by giving. that wealth is knowledge and is supreme of all possessions.
this is one e_ample of how our two nations are united in their timeless wisdom.
中國(guó)有句古話說(shuō)得非常好：“一年之計(jì)，莫如樹(shù)谷;十年之計(jì)，莫如樹(shù)木;終身之計(jì)，莫如樹(shù)人。”在印度也有同樣的說(shuō)法，“財(cái)富的增長(zhǎng)源于給予，財(cái)富就是知識(shí)，高于一切身外之物?！敝R(shí)這種財(cái)富是隨著你的給予而越來(lái)越多的，當(dāng)所有人都擁有時(shí)就達(dá)到了極致。這是我們兩國(guó)之間永恒智慧統(tǒng)一的實(shí)例。
i began my journey in china in _i'an. in doing so, i retraced the footsteps of the chinese monk _uanzang.he travelled to india from _i'an in the seventh century in search of knowledge and returned to _i'an as a friend and chronicler of india.
president _i's visit in india last september started from ahmedabad. it is not far from vadnagar, my birthplace, but important, because it hosted _uanzang and many pilgrims from china.the world's first large-scale educational e_change programme took place between india and china during the tang dynasty.
records talk of about 80 indian monks coming to china and nearly 150 chinese monks returning after their education in india. and yes, this was in the 10th and 11th century.
mumbai's rise as a port and a shipbuilding centre is because of cotton trade with china.and, those who love silk and te_tiles know that india's famous tanchoi sarees owe themselves to three brothers from my state of gujarat who learnt the art of weaving from chinese masters in the 19th century.and, in an unquestionable evidence of our ancient trade, silk in our classical sanskrit language is called cinapatta.
so, the centuries-old story of our relations has been of spiritualism, learning, art and trade.it is a picture of respect for each other's civilisation and of shared prosperity.it is reflected in the human values of dr. dwarkanath kotnis, a doctor from india, who treated soldiers in china during the second world war.
我來(lái)到中國(guó)的首站是西安，這是因?yàn)槲乙冯S中國(guó)古代僧人玄奘的足跡。公元七世紀(jì)，為了尋求知識(shí)，他從西安出發(fā)前往印度，并作為印度的友人和年代史編者返回到西安。
去年九月份，主席從艾哈邁達(dá)巴德開(kāi)始對(duì)印度進(jìn)行訪問(wèn)。那里離我的出生地瓦德納加爾并不遙遠(yuǎn)，但更重要的原因是這里曾招待過(guò)玄奘和多位中國(guó)僧人。
中印兩國(guó)首次大規(guī)模的教育交流項(xiàng)目始于唐朝。據(jù)記載，共有大約80名印度僧人來(lái)到中國(guó)，有將近150名中國(guó)僧人在印度結(jié)束學(xué)業(yè)后返回。當(dāng)然了，這些都發(fā)生在10和11世紀(jì)。
孟買(mǎi)崛起成為一個(gè)港口和一個(gè)造船中心，就和中國(guó)的棉花貿(mào)易分不開(kāi)。喜愛(ài)絲綢和紡織品的人都知道，印度著名的沙麗服來(lái)自于古吉拉特邦的三兄弟，這三人是在19世紀(jì)時(shí)期從中國(guó)大師那里學(xué)到了編織藝術(shù)。在古代貿(mào)易中，絲綢在經(jīng)典梵語(yǔ)中被稱為支那帕塔(cinapatta)。
所以，我們兩國(guó)間的悠久歷史源自靈性、學(xué)習(xí)、藝術(shù)和貿(mào)易等方面。這是兩國(guó)互相尊重彼此的文化以及共享繁榮的美好畫(huà)卷。這反映在柯棣華醫(yī)生所表現(xiàn)出的價(jià)值觀上，這位來(lái)自印度的醫(yī)生曾在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間在中國(guó)救治士兵。
in many ways, our two countries reflect the same aspirations, similar challenges and the same opportunities.
we can be inspired by each other's successes.
and, in the global uncertainties of our times, we can reinforce each other's progress.
perhaps, no other economy in the world offers such opportunities for the future as india's. and, few partnerships are as filled with promise as ours.
在很多方面，我們兩國(guó)都反映出相同的愿景，擁有相似的挑戰(zhàn)和相同的機(jī)遇。彼此的成功能夠給對(duì)方以啟發(fā)。在當(dāng)前國(guó)際形勢(shì)不確定時(shí)期，我們可以支持彼此的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。也許，沒(méi)有哪個(gè)國(guó)家能像印度這樣提供如此的機(jī)遇。也很少有合作伙伴能像我們這樣充滿誠(chéng)信。
today, we speak of asia's resurgence. it is the result of the rise of many powers in the region at the same time.
it is an asia of great promise, but also many uncertainties.
asia's re-emergence is leading to a multi-polar world that we both welcome.
but, it is also an unpredictable and comple_ environment of shifting equations.
we can be more certain of a peaceful and stable future for asia if india and china cooperate closely.
如今，我們常說(shuō)亞洲的復(fù)興。這源自該區(qū)域內(nèi)多支力量的同時(shí)崛起。亞洲的前景光明，同時(shí)也充滿著許多不確定因素。亞洲的復(fù)興將形成一個(gè)多極化的世界，這也是我們都樂(lè)于見(jiàn)到的。但是，這同時(shí)也是一個(gè)不可預(yù)知的復(fù)雜環(huán)境。
我們確信，如果中印兩國(guó)更加緊密地合作，亞洲就會(huì)擁有和平、穩(wěn)定的未來(lái)。
a resurgent asia is seeking a bigger voice in global affairs. india and china seek a greater role in the world. it may be reforms in the united nations security council or the new asian infrastructure investment bank.
but, asia's voice will be stronger and our nation's role more influential, if india and china speak in one voice - for all of us and for each other.
simply put, the prospects of the 21st century becoming the asian century will depend in large measure on what india and china achieve individually and what we do together.
the rising fortunes of 2.5 billion pairs of joined hands will be of the greatest consequence for our region and the humanity.
this is the vision that i share with president _i and premier li.
this is the impulse that is driving our relationship.
復(fù)興的亞洲正在爭(zhēng)取更多地參與國(guó)際事務(wù)。中印兩國(guó)也希望在全球扮演更重要的角色。這可能是改革聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)或是全新的亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行。但是如果中印兩國(guó)的意見(jiàn)統(tǒng)一，彼此互惠互利，那么亞洲的聲音就會(huì)更加強(qiáng)大，我們的國(guó)家就會(huì)擁有更強(qiáng)的影響力。
簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，21世紀(jì)將成為亞洲的世紀(jì)，這一前景在很大程度上取決于中印兩國(guó)各自的收獲以及合作的事項(xiàng)。25億雙手合力創(chuàng)造的財(cái)富對(duì)于整個(gè)亞洲和人民都將是最偉大的成果。這是我與主席和李總理的共同愿景，也是我們合作的動(dòng)力。
about 33% of the world's population is either indian or chinese. yet, our people know very little of each other. we must seek inspiration from the pilgrims of the ancient times, who braved the unknown in search of knowledge, and enriched us both.
so, we have decided to e_tend electronic tourist visas to chinese nationals. we are celebrating the “year of india” in china in 2022.
we are launching the ‘provincial and state leaders forum’ today. later today, we will have the yoga-taichi event. it will represent the coming together of our two civilizations.
we are starting the gandhi and india study centre in fudan university and a college of yoga in kunming.
全球大約33%的人口是印度人或是中國(guó)人。然而兩國(guó)間的人民卻不甚了解彼此。我們需要從古代僧人互訪中吸取靈感，敢于為了尋求知識(shí)，突破未知界限，從而互惠彼此。
因此，我們決定向中國(guó)公民開(kāi)放電子游客簽證。我們即將慶祝2022年中印交流年。今天，我們就將啟動(dòng)省級(jí)和州級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人論壇。今天晚些時(shí)候，我們還將舉辦瑜伽-太極活動(dòng)。此次活動(dòng)代表兩國(guó)文明的相互交融。我們將在復(fù)旦大學(xué)開(kāi)辦甘地及印度研究中心，并在昆明成立瑜伽學(xué)院。
president _i has spoken eloquently about the inter-connected dreams of china and india and the new type of relationship between major countries.
not only are our dreams inter-connected, our future is also deeply inter- connected.
we are at a moment, when we have the opportunity to make our choices.
india and china are two proud civilizations and two great nations that will fulfill their destinies.
we each have the strength and the will to choose our own paths to success.
but, we have the ancient wisdom to know that our journey will be smoother and our future brighter, when we will walk together, confident of one another, and in step with each other.
主席已經(jīng)生動(dòng)地闡釋了中印兩國(guó)的互通夢(mèng)，以及和主要大國(guó)間的新型合作關(guān)系。不僅我們的夢(mèng)想是互通的，兩國(guó)的未來(lái)也是深深的相互依存的。此刻，正是我們有機(jī)會(huì)做出選擇的時(shí)候。
印度和中國(guó)是兩個(gè)值得驕傲的文明大國(guó)，兩國(guó)必將圓滿完成既定的目標(biāo)。我們都有能力并且愿意選擇自己的道路獲取成功。但是，古代智慧結(jié)晶告訴我們，只有我們攜手共進(jìn)，堅(jiān)持互信，步調(diào)統(tǒng)一，才能使我們發(fā)展的道路更加順利，我們的未來(lái)也會(huì)更加光明!
第2篇 諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主莫迪亞諾演講稿中文翻譯
諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主莫迪亞諾演講稿中文翻譯
我非常高興能來(lái)到這里，也非常榮幸能獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
這是我第一次不得不在這么多人面前發(fā)表演說(shuō)，我多少覺(jué)得有得誠(chéng)惶誠(chéng)恐。人們覺(jué)得這類事情對(duì)于寫(xiě)作的人來(lái)說(shuō)是輕而易舉且順其自然，可是對(duì)于一個(gè)作家——至少是小說(shuō)家而言——演講常常并不是那么容易的事。這就像學(xué)校課堂里區(qū)別書(shū)面和口頭作業(yè)的差別，小說(shuō)家更有寫(xiě)的才華，而不是說(shuō)的本領(lǐng)。他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了保持安靜，他演講起來(lái)會(huì)吞吞吐吐，因?yàn)樗缫蚜?xí)慣把自己的話刪掉。在幾遍的修改之后，他的表達(dá)可能變得明朗。但真的發(fā)言時(shí)，要修正那笨拙的語(yǔ)句就手足無(wú)措了。
這就是為什么我們中的一些人在演講時(shí)一會(huì)兒躊躇遲疑，一會(huì)兒流利飛快好像我們等著隨時(shí)被打斷。這也是為什么我和許多人一樣產(chǎn)生了寫(xiě)作的欲望，在童年結(jié)束的時(shí)候。你希望大人們會(huì)讀你寫(xiě)的東西。也就是以那種方式，他們才會(huì)靜下來(lái)聽(tīng)你說(shuō)，也不會(huì)來(lái)打斷你。同時(shí)，他們才會(huì)真的了解你的心聲。
得知獲獎(jiǎng)的時(shí)候我覺(jué)得這很如夢(mèng)如幻，我迫切地想知道為什么你們選擇了我。就在那天，我才強(qiáng)烈地意識(shí)到一個(gè)小說(shuō)家對(duì)自己的作品是多么得無(wú)知，而讀者們對(duì)它的理解又是多么深刻。小說(shuō)家永遠(yuǎn)成不了他自己的讀者，除了在修改稿件時(shí)刪掉手稿的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤、重復(fù)或者多余的贅述的時(shí)候，他對(duì)自己的書(shū)僅有一部分且模糊的印象，正如畫(huà)家在天花板上畫(huà)壁畫(huà)一樣，平躺在支架上描摹細(xì)節(jié)，距離太近，就沒(méi)有作品的整體感。
寫(xiě)作是一項(xiàng)奇怪的、孤獨(dú)的活動(dòng)。在開(kāi)始寫(xiě)一部長(zhǎng)篇故事的頭幾頁(yè)總有叫人沮喪的情緒。每天你都覺(jué)得自己在一條錯(cuò)的軌道上，進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生一種強(qiáng)烈的沖動(dòng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)頭去走另一條路。重要的是，不要屈從于這股念頭，要堅(jiān)持下去。
當(dāng)你快寫(xiě)完一本書(shū)的時(shí)候，感覺(jué)仿佛掙脫了，已經(jīng)呼吸到了自由的空氣。我敢說(shuō)，你寫(xiě)結(jié)尾段的時(shí)候，書(shū)會(huì)“展現(xiàn)”出一種敵意，迫切地掙脫你的枷鎖。而且當(dāng)它離你而去，也根本不留時(shí)間給你想最后的幾個(gè)詞。它結(jié)束了——這本書(shū)再也不需要你了，也已經(jīng)把你忘卻。從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始，它會(huì)從讀者那里找尋它的自我。當(dāng)這些發(fā)生的時(shí)候，你就會(huì)感到強(qiáng)大的空虛和一絲被拋棄的感覺(jué)。這也是失望的表現(xiàn)，因?yàn)槟愫蜁?shū)的親密關(guān)聯(lián)是那么短暫。這種不滿和未完成的感覺(jué)就驅(qū)動(dòng)著你去寫(xiě)下一本書(shū)，再恢復(fù)兩者的平衡。
所以，讀者比作者自己更了解作品。小說(shuō)和讀者的關(guān)系宛如沖洗攝影膠片的過(guò)程。暗房里，影像一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)清晰起來(lái)。當(dāng)你讀小說(shuō)的時(shí)候，也會(huì)產(chǎn)生類似的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。不過(guò)，要維系作者和讀者之間的和諧，重要的就是永遠(yuǎn)別讓讀者透支，不知不覺(jué)地哄哄他，給他足夠的空間讓故事一步步地感染他，正如針灸的藝術(shù)，針要插在精確的要點(diǎn)上，神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)才能流通順暢。
我一直妒忌音樂(lè)家，因?yàn)樗麄冋莆罩刃≌f(shuō)高級(jí)的藝術(shù)。詩(shī)人也是，很像音樂(lè)家和小說(shuō)家。從孩提時(shí)代起我就寫(xiě)詩(shī)，這就是為什么我記得以前讀過(guò)的讓我共鳴的話：“寫(xiě)不成詩(shī)的人來(lái)當(dāng)散文家”。對(duì)于小說(shuō)家來(lái)說(shuō)，音樂(lè)常常就是凝聚所有他觀察到的人、景、街譜成曲，這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)可能還不完美。他會(huì)后悔沒(méi)能做一個(gè)真正的音樂(lè)家，也沒(méi)法寫(xiě)出肖邦的《夜曲》。
我是一個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的孩子
諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)宣布后用來(lái)代表我的一個(gè)短語(yǔ)提到的是“第二次世界大戰(zhàn)”：“他的作品捕捉到了二戰(zhàn)法國(guó)被占領(lǐng)期間普通人的生活”，和其他出生于1945年的人一樣，我是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的孩子，更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，我出生在巴黎，我的生命歸功于被占領(lǐng)時(shí)期的巴黎。當(dāng)時(shí)生活在巴黎的人想盡快忘記的地方，至少只要記得日常的細(xì)節(jié)，那些展現(xiàn)了他們所幻想的與和平歲月并無(wú)差異的生活點(diǎn)滴。后來(lái)，當(dāng)他們的孩子問(wèn)起當(dāng)年的歷史，他們的回答也是閃爍其詞。要不然，他們就避而不答，好像希望能把那段黑暗的時(shí)光從記憶中抹去，還有就是隱瞞一些事情，不讓孩子知道?？墒敲鎸?duì)我們父母的沉默我們明白了一切，仿佛我們自己也親歷過(guò)。
被占時(shí)期的巴黎是一座古怪的地方。表面上，生活“像之前一樣”繼續(xù)——戲院、電影院、音樂(lè)廳和餐館依舊營(yíng)業(yè)。收音機(jī)里還放著音樂(lè)。去看戲、看電影的人還比戰(zhàn)前多，好像那些地方就是能讓人們聚在一起避難，靠近一起彼此安慰。可是，離奇的細(xì)枝末節(jié)都在說(shuō)明巴黎已不是昨日的模樣。鮮少的汽車(chē)、寧?kù)o的街道……都在表明這是一個(gè)寂靜之城——納粹占領(lǐng)者常說(shuō)的“盲城”。
就在這樣噩夢(mèng)般的巴黎，人們會(huì)在一些之前從不經(jīng)過(guò)的道路上相遇，曇花一現(xiàn)的愛(ài)情從中萌生，明天能否再見(jiàn)也是未知。而后，這些短暫的相遇和偶然的邂逅也有了結(jié)果——新生命降臨。這就是為何對(duì)我而言，巴黎帶著原初的黑暗。如果沒(méi)有那些，我根本不會(huì)來(lái)到這個(gè)世界。那個(gè)巴黎一直纏繞著我，我的作品也時(shí)常浸潤(rùn)/沐浴在那朦朧的光中。
一個(gè)作家的出生時(shí)間和那個(gè)年是他永久的標(biāo)記。如果他寫(xiě)詩(shī)，詩(shī)句就表明著他所處的時(shí)代，也永遠(yuǎn)不可能在其他的時(shí)代里寫(xiě)成。葉芝的詩(shī)就是這個(gè)道理，我總是被《柯?tīng)柷f園的天鵝》所打動(dòng)。葉芝在公園里看著天鵝在水中滑行：
自從我第一次數(shù)了它們
十九度秋天已經(jīng)消逝
我還來(lái)不及細(xì)數(shù)一遍，就看到
它們一下子全部飛起
大聲拍打著它們的翅膀，
現(xiàn)在它們?cè)陟o謐的水面上浮游
神秘莫測(cè)，美麗動(dòng)人，
可有一天我醒來(lái)，
它們已飛去。
哦它們會(huì)筑居于哪片蘆葦叢、
哪一個(gè)池邊、哪一塊湖濱，
使人們悅目賞心?
十九世紀(jì)的詩(shī)歌里常常有天鵝——波德萊爾或馬拉美的詩(shī)里都有。但這首詩(shī)不可能是在19世紀(jì)寫(xiě)的。它有著20世紀(jì)才出現(xiàn)的特定的節(jié)奏和憂郁。
20世紀(jì)的作家偶爾也會(huì)感覺(jué)被他們時(shí)代所禁錮。閱讀19世紀(jì)的偉大小說(shuō)家——巴爾扎克、狄更斯、托爾斯泰、陀思妥耶夫斯基——或許或帶來(lái)一種特定的戀舊之情。在那些年歲，時(shí)間慢慢地流逝。那樣的節(jié)奏與小說(shuō)家的作品相得益彰，因?yàn)椤熬徛弊屪骷业哪芰亢途δ?。也是從那時(shí)開(kāi)始，時(shí)間加速，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地前行。從這個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō)，我就是過(guò)渡的一代。我好奇著下一代，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、手機(jī)、電子郵件和微博時(shí)代出生的人，他們?nèi)绾瓮ㄟ^(guò)文學(xué)來(lái)表達(dá)這個(gè)注定每個(gè)人都會(huì)“相連”，而且“社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)”侵蝕了一部分親密和私密的東西。直到最近，私密被賦予了更多的深度，也可能成為小說(shuō)的主題。不過(guò)我對(duì)文學(xué)的未來(lái)仍抱著樂(lè)觀態(tài)度，我深信未來(lái)的作家會(huì)守護(hù)并繼承衣缽，就像荷馬以來(lái)每一代作家所做的事。
除此之外，作家總要在作品里試圖表達(dá)一些永恒的東西，閱讀托爾斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》時(shí)，盡管已經(jīng)過(guò)了一個(gè)多世紀(jì)，盡管安娜穿著1870年代的裙子，我們依然覺(jué)得她離我們很近。還有諸如愛(ài)德加·艾倫·坡、梅爾維爾、司湯達(dá)這樣的作家，他們的作品在他們離世后兩個(gè)多世紀(jì)，遠(yuǎn)比他們?cè)谑罆r(shí)更受歡迎。
用_光審視巴黎
那么，小說(shuō)家要和生活保持怎樣的距離?他們需要與生活保持一點(diǎn)距離，因?yàn)槿绻恢背两渲蟹炊鴷?huì)看不清生活本來(lái)的樣子。但是這樣的距離不會(huì)限制作者將書(shū)中人物和現(xiàn)實(shí)中的人物建立某種聯(lián)系。福樓拜說(shuō)“包法利夫人就是我”;托爾斯泰一下就從一個(gè)臥軌自殺的女人身上找到了小說(shuō)人物的影子。宏觀到托爾斯泰描寫(xiě)天空和風(fēng)光，圍觀到他描寫(xiě)安娜·卡列尼娜睫毛的忽閃，這種寫(xiě)作者將生活寫(xiě)入作品的天分隨處可見(jiàn)。這種狀態(tài)不是自戀，因?yàn)檫@種狀態(tài)需要同時(shí)忽視自我，并高度集中注意力，才能不錯(cuò)過(guò)每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。還需要保持一定程度上的孤立。也不是需要完全將注意力投入個(gè)人的寫(xiě)作，而是要達(dá)到一種澄澈的境界來(lái)觀察外界，才能最終寫(xiě)成一部小說(shuō)。
我就不冗長(zhǎng)地?cái)⑹鑫业墓适铝?，但是我童年的一些?jīng)歷一定也為我的作品埋下了伏筆。我長(zhǎng)期不和父母住在一起，而是和一些我根本不了解的朋友住在一起，輾轉(zhuǎn)于不同的地方和房子里。后來(lái)，這讓我想試圖通過(guò)寫(xiě)小說(shuō)來(lái)解決這些迷惑，希望寫(xiě)作和想象力能最終幫我把這些零散的線索都串起來(lái)。
愛(ài)德加·艾倫·坡在他的短篇小說(shuō)《人群中的人》中，他坐在咖啡館中觀察那些在人行道上不斷行走的人們，喚起了對(duì)人性的關(guān)注。他選擇了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)相怪異的老年男子，并通宵跟隨他到倫敦的不同地方，以期更好地認(rèn)識(shí)他。但是這老人是“人群中的人”，所以跟著他也毫無(wú)意義，這老人并不作為個(gè)體存在著，他只是大眾過(guò)路者中的一員，行走在擁擠的人群中，迷失了自己。
詩(shī)人托馬斯·德·昆西年輕的時(shí)候也有這么一件事，讓他終生難忘。在倫敦?fù)頂D的牛津街上，他和一個(gè)女孩成為了朋友，就像所有城市中的邂逅一樣。他陪伴了她幾天，直至他要離開(kāi)倫敦。他們約定一周以后，她會(huì)每天都在每晚同一時(shí)間在大提茨菲爾街的街角見(jiàn)面。但是他們自此就再也沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)彼此?！叭绻钪?，我們一定都會(huì)尋找彼此，在同一時(shí)間，找遍倫敦的所有角落;或許我們就相隔幾步，但是這不寬過(guò)倫敦街道寬的咫尺之遙卻讓我們永生沒(méi)再相見(jiàn)?！?/p>
隨著時(shí)間流逝，城市里的每個(gè)街區(qū)，每個(gè)街道都能引發(fā)起在這里出生或成長(zhǎng)的人的一段回憶，一次碰面，一點(diǎn)遺憾或是一點(diǎn)幸福。一條同樣的街道串聯(lián)起一段回憶，這地方幾乎構(gòu)成了你的全部生活，故事在這里逐層展開(kāi)。那些千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)生活在這里的、路過(guò)的人們也都有著各自的生活和回憶。
這也是為什么在我年輕的時(shí)候，為了幫助自己寫(xiě)作，我試著去找那些老巴黎的電話本，尤其是那些按照街道、門(mén)牌號(hào)排列條目的電話本。每當(dāng)我翻閱這些書(shū)頁(yè)，我都覺(jué)得自己在通過(guò)_光審視這座城，它就像一座在水下的亞特蘭蒂斯城，透過(guò)時(shí)間一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)呼吸著。這么多年過(guò)去了，千千萬(wàn)不知名的人們留下的就只有他們的名字、住址和電話。有時(shí)候，過(guò)了一年，一個(gè)名字就消失了。翻閱這些老電話本，我會(huì)想，如果現(xiàn)在再撥打這些電話，大概多數(shù)都無(wú)人接聽(tīng)吧。后來(lái)，我看到奧西普·曼德?tīng)柺┧返脑?shī)句，被深深觸動(dòng)了：
我回到了我的城市。它曾是我的眼淚，
我的脈搏，我童年種疼的腮腺炎。
彼得堡……
你還有我的電話號(hào)碼。
彼得堡，我還有那些地址
可以查尋死者的聲音
所以當(dāng)我看著那些老巴黎電話本的時(shí)候，我開(kāi)始想寫(xiě)我的第一本書(shū)。我要做的就是在這千千萬(wàn)的名字里，用鉛筆劃出某些陌生人的名字、地址和電話號(hào)碼，想象他們的生活是什么樣的。
你可以放縱自己，消失在大城市里。你也可以改變自己的身份，開(kāi)始新生活。你也可以從一個(gè)孤立的地址開(kāi)始長(zhǎng)期調(diào)查一場(chǎng)預(yù)謀。我一直對(duì)搜尋令中的一句話非常有興趣——“最后一個(gè)為人所知的地址”。人物、事件的消失和身份、時(shí)間的流逝都和這座城市息息相關(guān)。這也是為什么19世紀(jì)以后，城市就成了小說(shuō)家們的“領(lǐng)地”，很多偉大的小說(shuō)家的作品都和某座城市密不可分：巴爾扎克和巴黎、狄更斯和倫敦、陀思妥耶夫斯基和圣彼得堡、永井荷風(fēng)和東京、雅爾瑪·瑟德?tīng)栘惱锖退沟赂鐮柲Α?/p>
小說(shuō)看見(jiàn)冰山
至于我的作品，授獎(jiǎng)詞說(shuō)“喚起了對(duì)最不可捉摸的人類命運(yùn)的記憶”，其實(shí)這樣的贊譽(yù)不單單是對(duì)我的作品，還有很多其他作家的寫(xiě)作也是如此。這是一種特別的記憶，試圖從往昔捕捉一些隱匿的、未知的，幾乎在地球上沒(méi)有留下痕跡的零零碎碎。當(dāng)然，它們都與我出生的1945年有關(guān)。城市被毀，所有人都消失的情況讓我，和我這一代人，對(duì)記憶和遺忘的主題更為敏感。
不幸的是，我覺(jué)得只有普魯斯特的本領(lǐng)和坦率才能去完成對(duì)過(guò)往的追憶。他描述的社會(huì)仍舊是穩(wěn)定的，19世紀(jì)的社會(huì)。普魯斯特的回憶讓歷史在其所有的細(xì)節(jié)中重現(xiàn)。如今，我感覺(jué)到記憶遠(yuǎn)不如它本身那么確定，始終處于遺忘和被遺忘的持續(xù)的斗爭(zhēng)中。這一層，一大堆被遺忘的東西掩蓋了一切。也就是說(shuō)，我們僅僅能拾起歷史的碎片、斷裂的痕跡、稍縱即逝的且?guī)缀鯚o(wú)法理解的人類命運(yùn)。
但這就是小說(shuō)家的使命，在面對(duì)被遺忘的巨大空白，讓褪去的言語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)，宛如漂浮在海面上消失的冰山。
第3篇 印度總理莫迪在中國(guó)與印度經(jīng)貿(mào)論壇上英語(yǔ)演講稿
friends!
i am really happy to be here with you. before coming to this forum, i had very detaileddiscussion with the ceos of major chinese companies. i am sure our interactions today will leadto benefits to the people and businesses of the two countries.
along with me, a number of officials and prominent indian ceos, are also present here.
as you know, china and india are two great and old civilisations of the world. they haveprovided many lights of knowledge on the entire human society. today, we together, representmore than one third of the global population.
india and china have a common history of five thousand years and a common boundary ofover three thousand and four hundred kilometers.
two thousand years ago, at the invitation of the chinese emperor ming, two indian monkscame to china. they brought many sanskrit scriptures on two white horses. they translatedmany buddhist classics and scriptures into chinese language.
it is believed that they introduced buddhism in china. the king built a temple in honour of thisevent. the temple is popularly known as white horse temple. the temple then increased inimportance as buddhism grew within china, and spread to korea, japan and vietnam.
the serenity of buddhism in asian countries is the seed of their success. i strongly believe thatthis century belongs to asia. and buddhism will be a further unifying and catalysing forceamong the asian countries.
your famous scholars like fa hien and hiuen tsang have taught many secrets of chinesewisdom to indians. in addition, they discovered many secrets within india itself. hiuen tsanghad visited my own home town in gujarat. from his works, we know today that there was abuddhist monastery there. when hiuen tsang returned to china he brought with him sanskritscriptures and books of wisdom. the traditional systems of medicine of the two countriesbased on natural elements also have a lot in common.
in recent times too, this stream of knowledge is flowing across our borders. prof. ji _ianlin ofpeking university was a great sanskrit scholar. he spent most part of his life in translatingvalmiki’s ramayan into chinese. indian government has honoured him by bestowing aprestigious award in __.
more recently, prof. jin ding han has translated tulasi ramayan into chinese. translations ofbhagwad gita and mahabharat are also popular with the chinese people. i thank these chinesescholars for introducing indian culture to the chinese people.
friends! india has always been a knowledge society. whereas, you have been an innovatingsociety. ancient china was highly advanced in science and technology. like indians, chinesetoo sailed to americas and distant corners of the world in their ships. they had the mariners’compass and gun powder.
but i must add that during this time, indian astronomy and mathematics were quite popularin china. indian astronomers were appointed on the official boards set up to prepare calendars.
the indian concept of zero and that of nine planets have been helpful in discoveries in china.so, our ideas had a role to play in your innovations.
thus, we have a lot in common and we can do a lot together. as we helped each other growingspiritually, we have to help each other growing economically. there are instances of sucheconomic e_changes in the past. it is believed that china gave silk and paper to india. we bothhave potentials of growth and problems of poverty which we can tackle together. i ampersonally committed to take the co-operative process forward.
that is why even as chief minister of gujarat, i visited china. as prime minister too i amconvinced and committed for e_change and co-operation for socio-economic development ofthe two countries.
i have lot of hope from the relationship which i and president _i are trying to build. during hisvisit to india in september __, chinese investments worth 20 billion us dollars (rs. 12 lakh-crore) were committed. we signed 12 agreements covering industrial parks, railways, creditand leasing, with cumulative amount of investments of 13 billion us dollars.
we are very keen to develop the sectors where china is strong. we need your involvement.the scope and potential, the breadth and length of infrastructure and related developmentsis very huge in india. just to give you some e_amples:
– we have planned to build 50 million houses by 2022. in addition, we are going to developsmart cities and mega industrial corridors;
– for this purpose, we have refined our fdi policy in construction. we are also coming upwith a regulatory framework for this sector;
– we have targeted 175 giga watts of renewable energy in ne_t few years. in addition togeneration, the issues of transmission and distribution of electricity are equally important forus;
– we are modernizing our railway systems including signals, engines and railway stations. weare planning metro rail in fifty cities and high speed trains in various corridors;
– similar is the case with highways which we want to build in faster way;
– we are putting up new ports and modernizing the old ones through an ambitious plan calledsagarmala;
– similar focus is on upgrading the e_isting airports and putting up regional airports toenhance connectivity to places of economic and tourist importance;
– in financial services too, we are moving towards a more inclusive and faster delivery offinancial products including bank loans and insurance;
– for this purpose we opened 140 million bank accounts; increased fdi in insurance up to49% and have set up mudra bank to fund the micro-businesses;
– recently, i have launched innovative schemes for insurance and pension to enhancesocial security of our citizens.
in march this year, i had a discussion with jack ma of alibaba in delhi about possible co-operation for strengthening this micro-credit sector of india.
as you have successfully done, we also want to promote manufacturing in a big wayparticularly to create jobs for our youth who form 65% of our population.
hence, we want to make things in india. for this purpose, we have launched a campaign called“make in india”. it is also the effort of my government to encourage innovation, r&dand entrepreneurship in the country. in this year’s budget, we have set up some innovativeinstitutional mechanisms for that purpose.
we have to learn from you about the development of labor-intensive industries, creatingconditions for sustainable foreign direct investment, skill development, infrastructure creationand e_port-led development model.
all this is a historic opportunity for the chinese companies. you would already be knowing thedirection of my government and the steps we are taking. we have committed ourselves forcreating and improving the business environment. i can assure you that once you decide tobe in india, we are confident to make you more and more comfortable.
many chinese companies have the possibility of investing in india to take advantage of india’spotentials. the potential lies in manufacturing, processing as well as in infrastructure.
i am here to assure you that india’s economic environment has changed. our regulatoryregime is much more transparent, responsive and stable. we are taking a long-term andfuturistic view on the issues. lot of efforts have been made and are still underway to improvethe ‘ease of doing business’. we do believe that fdi is important and it will not come in thecountry without a globally competitive business environment. therefore, we have rationalizeda number of issues which were bothering the investors.
in particular,
– we are making the ta_ation system transparent, stable and predictable.
– we have removed lot of regressive ta_ation regimes. in our very first budget, we said we willnot resort to retrospective ta_ation.
– we are reducing the complicated procedures, making them available at one platform,preferably online;
– simplifying the forms and formats has been taken up on war footing.
– definite mechanisms for hand holding have been set up in the form of hub and spoke model.invest india is the nodal agency for this purpose.
– in this year’s budget, we allowed ta_ pass through for aifs, rationalization of capital gainsof reits, modification in pe norms and deferring the implementation of gaar for two years.
– we have fast tracked approvals in industry and infrastructure. this includes environmentalclearances, e_tending the industrial licences, delicencing of defence items, and simplification ofcross-border trade.
– within a very short time, we introduced gst bill in parliament.
similarly, for infrastructure development, we have taken some far reaching steps.
– first of all we have made an all-time high allocation for roads and railways sectors.
– in addition, we are setting up india infrastructure investment fund.
– we have also allowed ta_ free bonds in the infrastructure sector including roads and railways.
we know that a lot more has to be done. but we are committed to take this process forward.we are constantly working to improve the business environment further.
however, our initial measures have helped in building up an enhanced investor confidence.the sentiments for private investment and inflow of foreign investment are positive. fdi inflowshave gone up by 39% during april-__ and february-__ against the same period inprevious year;
our growth rate is above 7%. most of the international financial institutions including the worldbank, imf, oecd and others are predicting even faster growth and even better in the comingyears. moody’s have recently upgraded the rating of india as positive on account of ourconcrete steps in various economic fields.
friends! india-chinese partnership should and will flourish. i e_pect very good outcome fromthis coming together. we have complemented each other in the past. we can complement inthe present and future too. as two major economies in asia, the harmonious partnershipbetween india and china is essential for economic development and political stability of thecontinent. you are the ‘factory of the world’. whereas, we are the ‘back office of the world’. yougive thrust on production of hardware, while india focuses on software and services.
similarly, indian component manufacturers have been masters in high-quality precision andthe chinese players have mastered the art of mass production. the component designe_pertise of indian engineers and low cost mass production by china can cater to the globalmarkets in a better way. this industrial partnership of china and india can bring about greaterinvestment, employment and satisfaction of our people.
friends! let us work together in mutual interest and for progress and prosperity of our greatcountries.
i would conclude by saying that now india is ready for business. you must be sensing thewinds of change in india. i only advise to you to come and feel the same.
i assure you of my personal attention for your success.
thank you, very much.
第4篇 印度總理莫迪清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)演講稿
qiu yong, president of tsinghua university,
foreign minister wang yi,
shi yigong, assistant president of tsinghua university,
i am truly delighted to be at the tsinghua university today.
you are a world class institution. you are a symbol of success of china’s education sector.
you are the foundation for china’s economic miracle. you have produced great leaders,including president _i.
it is not surprising that china’s economic growth and its new leadership in research, science andtechnology have taken place together.
i particularly like the old chinese saying, if you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if youthink in terms of ten years, plant trees; if you think in terms of 100 years, teach the people.
in india, too, the ancient saying is vyaye krate vardhate eva nityam, vidhya dhanam sarva dhanpradhanam
the wealth that increases by giving, that wealth is knowledge and is supreme of allpossessions.
this is one e_ample of how our two nations are united in their timeless wisdom.
there is much more, though, that links our two ancient civilizations.
i began my journey in china in _ian. in doing so, i retraced the footsteps of the chinese monk_uanzang.
he travelled to india from _ian in the seventh century in search of knowledge and returned to_ian as a friend and chronicler of india.
president _i’s visit in india last september started from ahmedabad. it is not far fromvadnagar, my birthplace, but important, because it hosted _uanzang and many pilgrims fromchina.
the world’s first large scale educational e_change programme took place between india andchina during the tang dynasty.
records talk of about 80 indian monks coming to china and nearly 150 chinese monksreturning after their education in india. and yes, this was in the 10th and 11th century.
mumbai’s rise as a port and a shipbuilding centre is because of cotton trade with china.
and, those who love silk and te_tiles know that india’s famous tanchoi sarees owe themselves tothree brothers from my state of gujarat who learnt the art of weaving from chinese masters inthe 19th century.
and, in an unquestionable evidence of our ancient trade, silk in our classical sanskritlanguage is called cinapatta.
so, the centuries-old story of our relations has been of spiritualism, learning, art and trade.
it is a picture of respect for each other’s civilisation and of shared prosperity.
it is reflected in the human values of dr. dwarkanath kotnis, a doctor from india, who treatedsoldiers in china during the second world war.
today, after difficult and sometimes dark passages of history, india and china stand at a raremoment of vast and multiple transitions in the world.
perhaps, the most significant change of this era is the re-emergence of china and india.
the world’s two most populous nations are undergoing economic and social transformationon a scale and at a speed that is unmatched in history.
china’s success over the past three decades has changed the character of the global economy.
india is now the ne_t frontier of the economic revolution.
we have the demography for it. about 800 million people in india are below the age of 35years. their aspirations, energy, enterprise and skills will be the force for india’s economictransformation.
we now have the political mandate and the will to make it happen.
over the past year, we have moved with a clear and coherent vision. and, we have acted withspeed, resolve and boldness to implement it.
we have taken sweeping steps to reform our policies and open up more to foreign directinvestments. this includes new areas like insurance, construction, defence and railways.
we are eliminating unnecessary regulations and simplifying our procedures. we are usingdigital technology to eliminate multiple approvals and endless wait.
we are building a ta_ regime that is predictable, stable and competitive, and that willintegrate the indian market.
we are scaling up investments in ne_t generation infrastructure – roads, ports, railways,airports, telecom, digital networks and clean energy.
our resources are being allocated with speed and transparency. and, we will make sure thatland acquisition does not become a barrier to growth or a burden on farmers.
we are creating the global skill pool to establish a modern economy with a world classmanufacturing sector.
we are reviving our agriculture sector to restore the fortunes of our farmers and boost ourgrowth.
like china, urban renewal is both a necessity and a means to add energy to our economy.
we are combining traditional strategies with modern economic instruments to eliminatepoverty and create security for the poor.
we have launched major schemes on financial inclusion of all, providing funds to the un-banked, and ensuring efficient and direct transfer of benefits to the poor.and, we areensuring that insurance and pension schemes reach the poorest.
we have set time bound goals for providing access to housing, water and sanitation for all.
this won’t just transform lives, but also generate a new source of economic momentum.
qiu yong, president of tsinghua university,
foreign minister wang yi,
shi yigong, assistant president of tsinghua university,
i am truly delighted to be at the tsinghua university today.
you are a world class institution. you are a symbol of success of china’s education sector.
you are the foundation for china’s economic miracle. you have produced great leaders,including president _i.
it is not surprising that china’s economic growth and its new leadership in research, science andtechnology have taken place together.
i particularly like the old chinese saying, if you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if youthink in terms of ten years, plant trees; if you think in terms of 100 years, teach the people.
in india, too, the ancient saying is vyaye krate vardhate eva nityam, vidhya dhanam sarva dhanpradhanam
the wealth that increases by giving, that wealth is knowledge and is supreme of allpossessions.
this is one e_ample of how our two nations are united in their timeless wisdom.
there is much more, though, that links our two ancient civilizations.
i began my journey in china in _ian. in doing so, i retraced the footsteps of the chinese monk_uanzang.
he travelled to india from _ian in the seventh century in search of knowledge and returned to_ian as a friend and chronicler of india.
president _i’s visit in india last september started from ahmedabad. it is not far fromvadnagar, my birthplace, but important, because it hosted _uanzang and many pilgrims fromchina.
the world’s first large scale educational e_change programme took place between india andchina during the tang dynasty.
records talk of about 80 indian monks coming to china and nearly 150 chinese monksreturning after their education in india. and yes, this was in the 10th and 11th century.
mumbai’s rise as a port and a shipbuilding centre is because of cotton trade with china.
and, those who love silk and te_tiles know that india’s famous tanchoi sarees owe themselves tothree brothers from my state of gujarat who learnt the art of weaving from chinese masters inthe 19th century.
and, in an unquestionable evidence of our ancient trade, silk in our classical sanskritlanguage is called cinapatta.
so, the centuries-old story of our relations has been of spiritualism, learning, art and trade.
it is a picture of respect for each other’s civilisation and of shared prosperity.
it is reflected in the human values of dr. dwarkanath kotnis, a doctor from india, who treatedsoldiers in china during the second world war.
today, after difficult and sometimes dark passages of history, india and china stand at a raremoment of vast and multiple transitions in the world.
perhaps, the most significant change of this era is the re-emergence of china and india.
the world’s two most populous nations are undergoing economic and social transformationon a scale and at a speed that is unmatched in history.
china’s success over the past three decades has changed the character of the global economy.
india is now the ne_t frontier of the economic revolution.
we have the demography for it. about 800 million people in india are below the age of 35years. their aspirations, energy, enterprise and skills will be the force for india’s economictransformation.
we now have the political mandate and the will to make it happen.
over the past year, we have moved with a clear and coherent vision. and, we have acted withspeed, resolve and boldness to implement it.
we have taken sweeping steps to reform our policies and open up more to foreign directinvestments. this includes new areas like insurance, construction, defence and railways.
we are eliminating unnecessary regulations and simplifying our procedures. we are usingdigital technology to eliminate multiple approvals and endless wait.
we are building a ta_ regime that is predictable, stable and competitive, and that willintegrate the indian market.
we are scaling up investments in ne_t generation infrastructure – roads, ports, railways,airports, telecom, digital networks and clean energy.
our resources are being allocated with speed and transparency. and, we will make sure thatland acquisition does not become a barrier to growth or a burden on farmers.
we are creating the global skill pool to establish a modern economy with a world classmanufacturing sector.
we are reviving our agriculture sector to restore the fortunes of our farmers and boost ourgrowth.
like china, urban renewal is both a necessity and a means to add energy to our economy.
we are combining traditional strategies with modern economic instruments to eliminatepoverty and create security for the poor.
we have launched major schemes on financial inclusion of all, providing funds to the un-banked, and ensuring efficient and direct transfer of benefits to the poor.and, we areensuring that insurance and pension schemes reach the poorest.
we have set time bound goals for providing access to housing, water and sanitation for all.
this won’t just transform lives, but also generate a new source of economic momentum.
in recent years, we have deepened our political engagement. we have kept our borderspeaceful. we have managed our differences and not allowed them to impede closercooperation. we have enhanced our cooperation across the full spectrum of ourrelationship.
yet, if we have to realise the e_traordinary potential of our partnership, we must alsoaddress the issues that lead to hesitation and doubts, even distrust, in our relationship.
first, we must try to settle the boundary question quickly.
we both recognise that this is history’s legacy. resolving it is our shared responsibility to thefuture. we must move ahead with new purpose and determination.
the solution we choose should do more than settle the boundary question.
it should do so in a manner that transforms our relationship and not cause new disruptions.
we have been remarkably successful in maintaining peace and tranquility along the border.
we must continue to do that on the principle of mutual and equal security.
our agreements, protocols and border mechanisms have been helpful.
but, a shadow of uncertainty always hangs over the sensitive areas of the border region.
it is because neither side knows where the line of actual control is, in these areas.
that is why i have proposed resuming the process of clarifying it. we can do this withoutprejudice to our position on the boundary question.
we should think of creative solutions to issues that have become irritants – from visa policiesto trans-border rivers.
sometimes, small steps can have a deep impact on how our people see each other.
we are both increasing our engagement in our shared neighbourhood. this calls for deeperstrategic communication to build mutual trust and confidence.
we must ensure that our relationships with other countries do not become a source of concernfor each other. and, wherever possible and feasible, we should work together, as we did inresponding to the earthquake in nepal.
if the last century was the age of alliances, this is an era of inter-dependence. so, talks ofalliances against one another have no foundation.
in any case, we are both ancient civilizations, large and independent nations. neither of us canbe contained or become part of anyone’s plans.
so, our partnership in international forums should not be determined by the concerns ofothers, but the interests of our two countries.
china’s support for india’s permanent membership of a reformed un security council, andfor india’s membership of e_port control regimes like nuclear suppliers group will do morethan just strengthen our international cooperation.
it will take our relationship to a new level.
it will give asia a stronger voice in the world.
if we are able to deepen mutual trust and confidence, we will also be able to reinforce eachother’s efforts of connecting asia with itself and rest of the world.
our soldiers face each other on the border, but we should also deepen our defence andsecurity cooperation to address our many common challenges.
above all, as we look ahead, we must build more bridges of familiarity and comfort betweenour people.
about 33% of the world’s population is either indian or chinese. yet, our people know verylittle of each other.
we must seek inspiration from the pilgrims of the ancient times, who braved the unknown insearch of knowledge, and enriched us both.
so, we have decided to e_tend electronic tourist visas to chinese nationals. we are celebratingthe “year of india” in china in 2022. we are launching the ‘provincial and state leaders forum’today.
later today, we will have the yoga-taichi event. it will represent the coming together of our twocivilizations.
we are starting the gandhi and india study centre in fudan university and a college of yoga inkunming.
the second route to kailash mansarovar for indian pilgrims will start in june, for which i wantto thank president _i.
these are just some of the many steps india and china are taking to bring the world’s twolargest populations in closer contact.
for this reason, i chose to speak today at a university.
because it is the youth that will inherit the future of our countries and the responsibility for ourrelationship.
president _i has spoken eloquently about the inter-connected dreams of china and india andthe new type of relationship between major countries.
not only are our dreams inter-connected, our future is also deeply inter- connected.
we are at a moment, when we have the opportunity to make our choices.
india and china are two proud civilizations and two great nations that will fulfill their destinies.
we each have the strength and the will to choose our own paths to success.
but, we have the ancient wisdom to know that our journey will be smoother and our futurebrighter, when we will walk together, confident of one another, and in step with each other.
thank you very much and thanks for your invitation, thanks a lot.
