第1篇 湖南長(zhǎng)沙馬王堆漢墓女尸英文導(dǎo)游詞
mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of changsha, about 4km from downtown changsha,in the preceeding centuries, it was bured here, hence the name 'mawangdui'formerly there were two eastern mounds here closely linked together.
from 1972 to early 1974, chinese archacological workers unearthed three tombs of the wester han dynasty here and achieved tremendous results that attracted wide attention at home and abroad.they excavated more than 3000 cultural relied and a well-preserved female corpse from the tombs.according to seals unearthed from tomb no2'chancellor to the prince to changsha','seal of the marquis of dai'
we know that the mawangdui was burial ground of licang , chancellor to the prince of changsha statte and mqrquis of dai in the early western han dynasty and his family.
according to the historical records , licang died in the secong year of the reign of empress lu . the occupants in tomb no3 were believed to be his son. unearthed from the tomb was a wooden tablet with the burial bate, which reads'the first day of the second month in the twelfth year' after careful textual research this was indentified as the twelfth year of reign of the han emperor wen ci . the corpse in tomb no1 is that of licang ' wife, whose personal name , according to an unearthed seal, was xingzhui, a study of conclusion that 'tomb no1 dates from about the 6th dacade of the 2nd century b,c
a little later than tomb no3 tomb no1 is the best preserved, and most of the relies showed here were excavated from this tomb.
now , i will introduce this thing to you one by one:
these are figurines 162 wooden figurines were unearthed from tomb no1 and 104 form tomb no3 , they fall into three categories:attendants, musicians and odd-jobservants. no doubt , they represent the numerous servants enslaved by the marquis of dai, which reveal the parasitic life of the family.
now , pls look at these instuments, an intact zither with 25 strings, pipes composed of 22 pierced bamboo sticks and a set of pitch pipes were found in tomb no1 , in addition , a zither , a t- stringed harp, pipes and bamboo flutes were excavated from tonb no3 . strinkingly bamboo reads were found inside . the pipes found in tomb no3 , there is a silvery point on each reed, which controls the pitch, this is the material evidence of the earliest reeds , ever used in wind instruments in the world.
these are weapons:they wre excavated from tomb no3, there are 38 weapons altogether, including bows a crossbow, arrows , an arrow seabbard, a weapon stand , halberds, with the weapon of the warring state period, the bow , the crossbow and arrows were somewhat improved so that arrows
could travel futher, along with the garrison map. they help us to get an idea of the military situation in chansha state.
we know that china is a very big agricultural state, and long long ago, when people lived in western han period , there had come into being somewhat developed cultivation and animal husbandry. look ,all these things were excavated from the tombs . the agricultural produce includes rice , wheat , barley, soybean, red peas, hemp seeds, vegetable;the animal produce includes deer , oxen, goats , sheep, pigs, bares ,chickens , fishes and even chicken eggs.
well. lacquer ware, so beautiful! 184 pieces of lacquer ware were unearthed from tomb no1 and 316 pieces from tomb no3, they includ tripods vases, square vases, boxes , toilet boxes, pitchers, ladles, cups, caved cup - containers, an armreat, a screen, a game tool and a dustpam , most of them r made of a wood base coated in lacquer, and some of a bamboo or hemp base, the designs, either painted in lacquer or pasted or incised with very fine strokes, were done in smooth and graceful.lines with gorgeous color, the exquisitely wrought lacquer wares indicate the highly developed state of lacquer crafts- manship and a side light on the economic situation of the early han dynasty. now, we have seen the areound parts of the first hall, pls follow me to the central past . here you can see the silk fabrics.
第2篇 湖南馬王堆漢墓陳列館導(dǎo)游詞
馬王堆漢墓在湖南省博物館院內(nèi)。1972年至1974年先后在長(zhǎng)沙市區(qū)東郊瀏陽河旁的馬王堆挖掘出土。一號(hào)漢墓出土的女尸，時(shí)逾2100多年，形體完整，全身潤(rùn)澤，部分關(guān)節(jié)可以活動(dòng)，軟組織尚有彈性，幾乎與新鮮尸體相似。它既不同于木乃伊，又不同于尸臘和泥炭鞣尸。是一具特殊類型的尸體，是防腐學(xué)上的奇跡，震驚世界，吸引不少學(xué)者、游人觀光。女尸經(jīng)解剖后，軀體和內(nèi)臟器官均陳列在一間特殊設(shè)計(jì)的地下室內(nèi)。
馬王堆漢墓的發(fā)掘，對(duì)我國(guó)的歷史和科學(xué)研究均有巨大價(jià)值，其出土文物異常珍貴。從三號(hào)墓中出土的帛書《五十二病方》，經(jīng)考證，比《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》（成書于春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代）可能還要早，書中記載了52種疾病，還提到了100多種疾病的名稱，共載方280多個(gè)，所用藥物計(jì)240多個(gè)。這是我國(guó)現(xiàn)在所能看到的最早的方劑?！段迨》健返陌l(fā)現(xiàn)，補(bǔ)充了《內(nèi)經(jīng)》以前的醫(yī)學(xué)內(nèi)容，是一份非常珍貴的醫(yī)學(xué)遺產(chǎn)。
馬王堆三座漢墓共出土珍貴文物3000多件，絕大多數(shù)保存完好。其中五百多件各種漆器，制作精致，紋飾華麗，光澤如新。珍貴的是一號(hào)墓的大量絲織品，保護(hù)完好。品種眾多，有絹、綺、羅、紗、錦等。有一件素紗禪衣，輕若煙霧，薄如蟬翼，該衣長(zhǎng)1.28米，且有長(zhǎng)袖，重量?jī)H49克，織造技巧之高超，真是天工巧奪。出土的帛畫，為我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最早的描寫當(dāng)時(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的大型作品。還有彩俑、樂器、兵器、印章、帛書等珍品。
一號(hào)漢墓的彩繪漆棺，色澤如新，棺面漆繪的流云漫卷，形態(tài)詭譎的動(dòng)物和神怪，體態(tài)生動(dòng)，活靈活現(xiàn)，具有很高的藝術(shù)水平。三號(hào)墓出土的10多萬字的大批帛書，是不可多得的歷史文獻(xiàn)資料。帛書的內(nèi)容涉及古代哲學(xué)、歷史、和科學(xué)技術(shù)許多方面。經(jīng)整理，共有28種書籍，12萬多字。另外還有幾冊(cè)圖籍，大部分都是失傳的佚書。二號(hào)漢墓出土的地形圖，其繪制技術(shù)及其所標(biāo)示的位置與現(xiàn)代地圖大體近似，先后在美國(guó)、日本、波蘭等國(guó)展出，評(píng)價(jià)極高，譽(yù)為“驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)”。
馬王堆漢墓遺址位于長(zhǎng)沙市東郊，距市中心四公里。因傳為楚王馬殷的墓地，故名馬王堆。三座漢墓中，二號(hào)墓的是漢初長(zhǎng)沙丞相畎侯利蒼，一號(hào)墓是利蒼妻，三號(hào)墓是利蒼之子。三座墓中以一號(hào)墓規(guī)模最大，墓坑南北長(zhǎng)19.5米，東西寬大17.8米，深16米?，F(xiàn)在一、二號(hào)墓坑已經(jīng)填塞，三號(hào)墓坑經(jīng)過整理加固，保存下來，并新建了大跨度的頂棚，供人們參觀。
西漢初期長(zhǎng)沙國(guó)丞相、侯利倉(cāng)及其家屬的墓葬。位于湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市東郊。長(zhǎng)沙為漢長(zhǎng)沙國(guó)首府臨湘縣所在地。該墓地曾被訛傳為五代十國(guó)時(shí)楚王馬殷的墓地，故稱馬王堆；又曾被附會(huì)為長(zhǎng)沙王劉發(fā)埋葬其母程、唐二姬的“雙女”。湖南省博物館與中國(guó)科學(xué)院考古研究所1972年發(fā)掘了1號(hào)墓。1973至1974年初，發(fā)掘了2號(hào)、3號(hào)墓。1973年出版了《長(zhǎng)沙馬王堆一號(hào)漢墓》據(jù)《史記》和《漢書》記載，長(zhǎng)沙相利倉(cāng)于漢惠帝二年（公元前193）卒。2號(hào)墓發(fā)現(xiàn)“長(zhǎng)沙丞相”、“侯之印”和“利倉(cāng)” 3顆印章，表明該墓的墓主即第一代侯利倉(cāng)本人。 1號(hào)墓發(fā)現(xiàn)年約50歲左右的女性尸體，墓內(nèi)又出“妾辛追”名章，墓主應(yīng)是利倉(cāng)的妻子。3號(hào)墓墓主遺骸屬30多歲的男性，可能是利倉(cāng)兒子的墓葬。3號(hào)墓出土的一件木牘，有“十二年十二月乙巳朔戊辰”等字樣，標(biāo)志著該墓的下葬年代為漢文帝十二年（前168）。1號(hào)墓分別打破2號(hào)墓和3號(hào)墓，則其年代應(yīng)再晚些。馬王堆漢墓的發(fā)掘，為研究西漢初期手工業(yè)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，以及當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史、文化和社會(huì)生活等方面，提供了極為重要的實(shí)物資料。
